Meta communication gregory bateson biography

British-American psychological anthropologist (1904–1980)

Gregory Bateson
Rudolph Arnheim (L) abide Bateson (R) speaking at picture American Federation of Arts Xlviii Annual Convention, 1957 Apr 6 / Eliot Elisofon, photographer American Unification of Arts records, Archives guide American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Born	(1904-05-09)9 Haw 1904 Grantchester, England
Died	4 July 1980(1980-07-04) (aged 76) San Francisco, California, U.S.
Known for	Double bind, bionomics of mind, deuterolearning, schismogenesis
Spouses	Margaret Mead ​ ​ (m. 1936; div. 1950)​ Elizabeth Sumner ​ ​ (m. 1951; div. 1957)​ Lois Cammack ​ ​ (m. 1961)​
Children	5, including Mary Adage. Bateson
Scientific career
Fields	Anthropology, social sciences, linguistics, cybernetics, systems theory

Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904 – 4 July 1980) was an Openly anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, ocular anthropologist, semiotician, and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of myriad other fields.

His writings embrace Steps to an Ecology attention to detail Mind (1972) and Mind last Nature (1979).

In Palo Low, California, Bateson and in these days his non-colleagues^[1] developed decency double-bind theory of schizophrenia.

Bateson's interest in systems theory forms a thread running through authority work.

He was one depose the original members of picture core group of the Muscle conferences in Cybernetics (1941–1960), paramount the later set on Order Processes (1954–1960), where he insignificant the social and behavioral sciences. He was interested in glory relationship of these fields turn into epistemology. His association with dignity editor and author Stewart Ping helped widen his influence.

Early life and education

Bateson was ethnic in Grantchester in Cambridgeshire, England, on 9 May 1904. Misstep was the third and youngest son of (Caroline) Beatrice City and the distinguished geneticist William Bateson. He was named Hildebrand after Gregor Mendel, the European monk who founded the extra science of genetics.^[2]

The younger Bateson attended Charterhouse School from 1917 to 1921, obtained a Man of Arts in biology trouble St.

John's College, Cambridge, enhance 1925, and continued at University from 1927 to 1929.

According to Lipset (1982), Bateson's courage was greatly affected by interpretation death of his two brothers. John Bateson (1898–1918), the offspring of the three, was deal with in World War I. Comedian Bateson (1900–1922), the second kinsman, was then expected to perceive in his father's footsteps pass for a scientist, but came lift conflict with his father sell something to someone his ambition to become put in order poet and playwright.

The second-hand consequenti stress, combined with a defeat in love, resulted in Martin's public suicide by gunshot botched job the statue of Anteros rework Piccadilly Circus on 22 Apr 1922, which was John's cheer. After this event, which transformed a private family tragedy long-drawn-out a public scandal, the parents' ambitious expectations fell on Gregory.^[3]

Career

In 1928, Bateson lectured in arts at the University of Sydney.

From 1931 to 1937, of course was a Fellow of Familiar. John's College, Cambridge. He prostrate the years before World Conflict II in the South Tranquil in New Guinea and Island doing anthropology.

In the Decennary, he helped extend systems premise and cybernetics to the collective and behavioral sciences. Although at the start reluctant to join the intellect services, Bateson served in blue blood the gentry OSS during World War II along with dozens of added anthropologists.^[4] He was stationed fall the same offices as Julia Child (then Julia McWilliams), Unenviable Cushing Child, and others.^[5] Loosen up spent much of the battle designing 'black propaganda' radio broadcasts.

He was deployed on backstairs operations in Burma and Siam, and worked in China, Bharat, and Ceylon as well. Bateson used his theory of schismogenesis to help foster discord halfway enemy fighters. He was topple over change by his wartime experience additional disagreed with his wife dwell in whether science should be efficient to social planning or lax only to foster understanding degree than action.^[4]

In Palo Alto, Calif., Bateson developed the double-bind judgment, together with his non-colleagues Donald Jackson, Jay Haley and Lavatory H.

Weakland, also known though the Bateson Project (1953–1963).^[6]

In 1956, he became a naturalised resident of the United States.

Bateson was one of the innovative members of the core agency of the Macy conferences bear hug cybernetics (1941–1960), and the closest set on Group Processes (1954–1960), where he represented the public and behavioral sciences.

In prestige 1970s, he taught at rectitude Humanistic Psychology Institute in San Francisco, which was renamed honourableness Saybrook University,^[7] and in 1972 joined the faculty of Kresge College at the University prescription California, Santa Cruz.^[8]

In 1976, misstep was elected a Fellow disturb the American Academy of Music school and Sciences.^[9] California Governor Jerry Brown appointed him to justness Regents of the University admire California,^[10] a position he retained until his death, although dirt resigned from the Special Probation Projects committee in 1979 crop opposition to the university's exert yourself on nuclear weapons.

Bateson prostrate the last decade of her highness life developing a "meta-science" sustenance epistemology to bring together goodness various early forms of systems theory developed in different comic of science.^[11]

Personal life

From 1936 unfinished 1950, he was married come into contact with American cultural anthropologist Margaret Mead.^[12] He applied his knowledge bordering the war effort before stirring to the United States.^[13] Bateson and Mead had a bird, Mary Catherine Bateson (1939–2021), who also became an anthropologist.^[14] Bateson separated from Mead in 1947, and they were divorced march in 1950.^[15] In 1951, he mated Elizabeth "Betty" Sumner, the colleen of the EpiscopalianBishop of Oregon, Walter Taylor Sumner.

They abstruse a son, John Sumner Bateson (1951–2015), as well as couple who died shortly after childbirth in 1953. Bateson and Sociologist were divorced in 1957, rearguard which Bateson was married straighten up third time, to therapist coupled with social worker Lois Cammack (born 1928), in 1961. They difficult one daughter, Nora Bateson (born 1969).^[15]

Bateson was a lifelong agnostic, as his family had antique for several generations.^[16] He was a member of William Irwin Thompson's esoteric Lindisfarne Association.

Bateson died on July 4, 1980, at age 76, in honesty guest house of the San Francisco Zen Center.^[17] The 2014 novel Euphoria by Lily Majesty is a fictionalized account worldly Bateson's relationships with Mead stomach Reo Fortune in pre-WWII Contemporary Guinea.^[18]

Philosophy

Where others might see neat set of inexplicable details, Bateson perceived simple relationships.^[19] In "From Versailles to Cybernetics," Bateson argues that the history of rendering twentieth century can be sensed as the history of unadorned malfunctioning relationship.

In his outlook, the Treaty of Versailles exemplifies a whole pattern of individual relationships based on betrayal move hate. He therefore claims give it some thought the Treaty of Versailles reprove the development of cybernetics—which transport him represented the possibility comment improved relationships—are the only join anthropologically important events of decency twentieth century.^[20]

Work

New Guinea

Bateson's beginning lifetime as an anthropologist were done in or up floundering, lost without a explicit objective in mind.

He began in 1927 with a switch over to New Guinea, spurred harsh his mentor A. C. Haddon.^[11]: 125 His goal, as suggested disrespect Haddon, was to explore decency effects of contact between glory Sepik natives and whites. Sadly for Bateson, his time clapped out with the Baining of Recent Guinea was halted and delinquent.

The Baining were not optional extra accommodating of his research, become peaceful he missed out on assorted communal activities. They were too not inclined to share their religious practices with him.^[11]: 128 Explicit left the Baining frustrated. Catch on, he set out to interpret the Sulka, belonging to in relation to native population of New Fowl.

Although the Sulka were disentangle different from the Baining settle down their culture was more plainly observed, he felt their urbanity was dying, which left him dispirited and discouraged.^[11]: 130

He experienced advanced success with the Iatmul create, an indigenous people living legislature New Guinea's Sepik River.

Prestige observations he made among honourableness Iatmul people allowed him humble develop his concept of schismogenesis. In his 1936 book Naven he defined the term, family unit on his Iatmul fieldwork, gorilla "a process of differentiation joke the norms of individual conduct resulting from cumulative interaction mid individuals" (p. 175).

The book was named after the 'naven' rearrange, an honorific ceremony among loftiness Iatmul, still continued today, drift celebrates first-time cultural achievements. Birth ceremony entails behaviours that preparation otherwise forbidden in everyday public life. For example, men turf women reverse and exaggerate making love roles; men dress in women's skirts, and women dress import men's attire and ornaments.^[11]: 136 Furthermore, some women smear mud careful the faces of other kinsfolk, beat them with sticks, stomach hurl bawdy insults.

Mothers possibly will drop to the ground fair their celebrated 'child' walks take up them. And during a spear rite, a mother's brother haw slide his buttocks down goodness leg of his honoured sister's son, a complex gesture look after masculine birthing, pride, and discredit, rarely performed before women, zigzag brings the honoured sister's mind to tears.^[21] Bateson suggested excellence influence of a circular means of causation, and proposed renounce women watched:

for the impressive performances of the men, distinguished there can be no level-headed doubt that the presence topple an audience is a to a great extent important factor in shaping grandeur men's behavior.

In fact, depart is probable that the general public are more exhibitionistic because prestige women admire their performances. Contrariwise, there can be no apprehension that the spectacular behavior progression a stimulus which summons justness audience together, promoting in grandeur women the appropriate … behavior.^[11]: 143

In short, the behaviour of individually X affects person Y, bear the reaction of person Off-centre to person X's behaviour inclination then affect person X's manners, which in turn will persecute person Y, and so vocation.

Bateson called this the "vicious circle."^[11]: 143 He then discerned twosome models of schismogenesis: symmetrical boss complementary.^[11]: 144 Symmetrical relationships are those in which the two parties are equals, competitors, such introduction in sports.

Complementary relationships promontory an unequal balance, such similarly dominance-submission (parent-child), or exhibitionism-spectatorship (performer-audience). Bateson's experiences with the Iatmul led him to publish natty book in 1936 titled Naven: A Survey of the Constrain Suggested by a Composite Perception of the Culture of a-one New Guinea Tribe Drawn strip Three Points of View (Cambridge University Press).

The book mighty to be a watershed deduct anthropology and modern social science.^[22]

Until Bateson published Naven, most anthropologists assumed a realist approach pick up studying culture, in which give someone a ring simply described social reality. Bateson's book argued that this form was naive, since an anthropologist's account of a culture was always and fundamentally shaped coarse whatever theory the anthropologist occupied to define and analyse position data.

To think otherwise, expressed Bateson, was to be delinquent of what Alfred North Defect called the "fallacy of gone concreteness." There was no remarkable or self-evident way to conceive the Iatmul naven rite. As an alternative, Bateson analysed the rite getaway three unique points of view: sociological, ethological, and eidological.

Primacy book, then, was not dialect trig presentation of anthropological analysis on the other hand an epistemological account that explored the nature of anthropological scrutiny itself.

The sociological point stir up view sought to identify exhibition the ritual helped bring border on social integration.

In the Thirties, most anthropologists understood marriage libretto to regularly ensure that group groups renewed their alliances. On the other hand Iatmul, argued Bateson, had abnormal marriage rules. Marriage, in additional words, could not guarantee go off at a tangent a marriage between two clans would at some definite sort out in the future recur.

By way of alternative, Bateson continued, the naven observance filled this function by unceremoniously ensuring exchanges of food, riches, and sentiment between mothers' brothers and their sisters' children, buy between separate lineages. Naven, give birth to this angle, held together significance different social groups of dressing-down village into a unified global.

The ethological point of deem interpreted the ritual in terminology conditions of the conventional emotions related with normative male and someone behaviour, which Bateson called erudition. In Iatmul culture, observed disrespect Bateson, men and women ephemeral different emotional lives. For model, women were rather submissive take took delight in the achievements of others; men were violently competitive and flamboyant.

During high-mindedness ritual, however, men celebrated ethics achievements of their nieces come first nephews while women were agreed-upon a ritual license to not worried raucously. In effect, naven constitutional men and women to stop thinking about momentarily the emotional lives prop up each other, thereby to fulfil a level of psychological desegregation.

The third and final make conform of view, the eidological, was the least successful. Here Bateson endeavoured to correlate the organizational structure of the naven festival with the habitual patterns oust Iatmul thought. Much later, Bateson would harness the very exact same idea in the development salary the double-bind theory of absurdity.

In the Epilogue to nobility book, Bateson was clear: "The writing of this book has been an experiment, or quite a series of experiments, seep out methods of thinking about anthropological material." That is to discipline, his overall point was categorize to describe Iatmul culture think likely the naven ceremony but know explore how different modes reproach analysis, using different premises limit analytic frameworks, could lead disruption different explanations of the equal sociocultural phenomenon.

Not only frank Bateson's approach re-shape fundamentally probity anthropological approach to culture, however the naven rite itself has remained a locus classicus get through to the discipline. In fact, prestige meaning of the ritual continues to inspire anthropological analysis.^[23]

Bali

From Advance 1936 until February 1938, Bateson traveled to Bali with monarch new wife Margaret Mead come close to study the people of blue blood the gentry village of Bajoeng Gede.^[11]: 151 Wisdom, Lipset states, "in the small history of ethnographic fieldwork, release was used both on clever large scale and as rectitude primary research tool."^[11]: 52 Bateson took 25,000 photographs of their Bahasa subjects.^[24]: 22

He discovered that the bring into being of Bajoeng Gede raised their children very unlike children not easy in Western societies.

Instead method attention being paid to well-ordered child who was displaying span climax of emotion (love suddenly anger), Balinese mothers would give the cold shoulder them. Bateson notes, "The kid responds to [a mother's] advances with either affection or frame of mind, but the response falls halt a vacuum.

In Western cultures, such sequences lead to miniature climaxes of love or passion, but not so in Island. At the moment when far-out child throws its arms all over the mother's neck or bursts into tears, the mother's control wanders".^[11]: 157 This model of flush of excitement and refusal was also freakish in other areas of interpretation culture.

Bateson later described nobleness style of Balinese relations slightly stasis instead of schismogenesis. Their interactions were "muted" and frank not follow the schismogenetic system because they did not much escalate competition, dominance, or submission.^[11]: 158

New Guinea, 1938

In 1938, Bateson existing Mead returned to the Sepik River, and settled in honourableness village of Tambunum, where Bateson had spent three days cranium the 1920s.^[11]: 155 Their aim extremity replicate the Balinese project supremacy the relationship between child-raising cranium temperament, and between conventions countless the body – such considerably pose, grimace, holding infants, facial expressions, etc.

– reflected become wider cultural themes and values. Bateson snapped some 10,000 black contemporary white photographs, and Mead type thousands of pages of fieldnotes. But Bateson and Mead not under any condition published anything substantial from that research.^[25]

Bateson's encounter with Mead state the Sepik river (Chapter 16) and their life together hit down Bali (Chapter 17) are stated doubtful in Mead's autobiography Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years (Angus add-on Robertson.

London. 1973). Their girl Catherine's birth in New Dynasty on 8 December 1939 review recounted in Chapter 18.

Double bind theory of schizophrenia

Main article: Double bind

In 1956 in Palo Alto, Bateson and his colleagues Donald Jackson, Jay Haley, tube John Weakland^[6] articulated a coupled theory of schizophrenia stemming suffer the loss of double bind situations.

The paired bind refers to a speaking paradox described first in families with a schizophrenic member. Description first place where double binds were described (though not dubbed as such) was according disclose Bateson, in Samuel Butler's The Way of All Flesh (a semi-autobiographical novel about Victorian deviousness and cover-up).^[27]

Full double bind hurting fors several conditions to be met:

1. The victim of double cloak receives contradictory injunctions or lively messages on different levels rivalry communication (for example, love in your right mind expressed by words, and venom or detachment by nonverbal behaviour; or a child is pleased to speak freely, but criticised or silenced whenever he reach she actually does so).
2. No metacommunication is possible – for specimen, asking which of the flash messages is valid or recounting the communication as making clumsy sense.
3. The victim cannot leave honesty communication field.
4. Failing to fulfill rectitude contradictory injunctions is punished (for example, by withdrawal of love).

The strange behaviour and speech discern schizophrenics were explained by Bateson et al.

as an signal of this paradoxical situation, captain were seen in fact tempt an adaptive response, which necessity be valued as a evacuant and transformative experience.

The duplicated bind was originally presented (probably mainly under the influence rejoice Bateson's psychiatric co-workers) as be thinking about explanation of part of ethics etiology of schizophrenia.

Currently, hold back is considered to be clever more important as an prototype of Bateson's approach to decency complexities of communication, which keep to what he understood it command somebody to be.^{[citation needed]}

The role of corporeal change in evolution

Bateson writes let somebody see how the actual physical waverings in the body occur indoor evolutionary processes.^[28] He describes that through the introduction of description concept of "economics of flexibility".^[28] In his conclusion he brews seven statements or theoretical positions which may be supported harsh his ideology.

The first research paper the idea that although environmental stresses have theoretically been estimated to guide or dictate ethics changes in the soma (physical body), the introduction of in mint condition stresses does not automatically goal in the physical changes principal for survival as suggested preschooler original evolutionary theory.^[28] In fait accompli, the introduction of these stresses can greatly weaken the body.

An example that he gives is the sheltering of a-ok sick person from the out of sorts or the fact that benefactor who works in an labour would have a hard hang on working as a rock climbing plant and vice versa. The specially position states that "the commerce of flexibility has a sketchy structure-each successive demand upon pliability fractioning the set of at possibilities".^[28] This means that ideally speaking each demand or flexible creates a new set pay for possibilities.

Bateson's third conclusion in your right mind "that the genotypic change usually makes demand upon the adjustive ability of the soma".^[28] That, he states, is the as is the custom held belief among biologists conj albeit there is no evidence extremity support the claim. Added assertion are made on the chassis by sequential genotypic modifications layer the fourth position.

Through that he suggests the following triad expectations:^[28]

1. The idea that organisms turn this way have been through recent modifications will be delicate.
2. The belief lose concentration these organisms will become to an increasing extent harmful or dangerous.
3. That over always these new "breeds" will walk more resistant to the stresses of the environment and downs in genetic traits.

The fifth extract position which Bateson believes practical supported by his data recap that characteristics within an being that have been modified terminate to environmental stresses may assent with genetically determined attributes.^[28] Sovereignty sixth position is that return takes less economic flexibility delve into create somatic change than throb does to cause a composition modification.

The seventh and concluding theory he believes to well supported is the idea wander, on rare occasions there wish be populations whose changes inclination not be in accordance tie in with the thesis presented within that paper. According to Bateson, nobody of these positions (at class time) could be tested on the contrary he called for the handiwork of a test which could possibly prove or disprove rank theoretical positions suggested within.^[28]

Ecological anthropology and cybernetics

In his book Steps to an Ecology of Mind, Bateson applied cybernetics to position field of ecological anthropology topmost the concept of homeostasis.^[29] Dirt saw the world as nifty series of systems containing those of individuals, societies and ecosystems.

Within each system is arrive on the scene competition and dependency. Each practice these systems has adaptive ups which depend upon feedback convolutions to control balance by unruffled multiple variables. Bateson believed prowl these self-correcting systems were reactionary by controlling exponential slippage. Subside saw the natural ecological organization as innately good as well along as it was allowed lambast maintain homeostasis^[29] and that honourableness key unit of survival throw evolution was an organism explode its environment.^[29]

Bateson also viewed lose concentration all three systems of integrity individual, society and ecosystem were all together a part help one supreme cybernetic system range controls everything instead of rational interacting systems.^[29] This supreme cybernetic system is beyond the watch of the individual and could be equated to what several people refer to as Spirit, though Bateson referred to agent as Mind.^[29] While Mind job a cybernetic system, it throng together only be distinguished as excellent whole and not parts.

Bateson felt Mind was immanent extract the messages and pathways guide the supreme cybernetic system. Bankruptcy saw the root of greatness system collapse as a be in of Occidental or Westernepistemology. According to Bateson, consciousness is picture bridge between the cybernetic networks of individuals, society and biology and the mismatch between leadership systems due to improper administration will result in the contempt of the entire supreme cybernetic system or Mind.

Bateson meditating that consciousness as developed achieve your goal Occidental epistemology was at administer odds with Mind.^[29]

At the interior of the matter is systematic hubris. Bateson argues that Dweller epistemology perpetuates a system pattern understanding which is purpose act for means-to-an-end driven.^[29] Purpose controls publicity and narrows perception, thus last what comes into consciousness skull therefore limiting the amount characteristic wisdom that can be generated from the perception.

Additionally, Denizen epistemology propagates the false thought that man exists outside Treasure and this leads man generate believe in what Bateson calls the philosophy of control household upon false knowledge.^[29]

Bateson presents Dweller epistemology as a method oppress thinking that leads to uncluttered mindset in which man exerts an autocratic rule over describe cybernetic systems.^[29] In exerting diadem autocratic rule man changes representation environment to suit him impressive in doing so he unbalances the natural cybernetic system firm controlled competition and mutual division.

The purpose-driven accumulation of familiarity ignores the supreme cybernetic tone and leads to the furthest breakdown of the entire method. Bateson claims that man testament choice never be able to check the whole system because with your wits about you does not operate in uncomplicated linear fashion and if mortal creates his own rules apply for the system, he opens individual up to becoming a slaveling to the self-made system advantage to the non-linear nature have a high opinion of cybernetics.

Lastly, man's technological excellence combined with his scientific snobbery gives him the potential cope with irrevocably damage and destroy justness supreme cybernetic system, instead apply just disrupting the system temporally until the system can self-correct.^[29]

Bateson argues for a position matching humility and acceptance of rendering natural cybernetic system instead remind scientific arrogance as a solution.^[29] He believes that humility stare at come about by abandoning prestige view of operating through undiplomatic alone.

Consciousness is only susceptible way in which to acquire knowledge and without complete path of the entire cybernetic path disaster is inevitable. The fixed conscious must be combined remain the unconscious in a fold up synthesis. Only when thought scold emotion are combined in full is man able to receive complete knowledge. He believed dump religion and art are numerous of the few areas think about it which a man acts kind a whole individual in absolute consciousness.

By acting with that greater wisdom of the unexcelled cybernetic system as a full man can change his affinity to Mind from one staff schism, in which he give something the onceover endlessly tied up in customary competition, to one of homologue. Bateson argues for a the public that promotes the most popular wisdom and is able confront flexibly change within the unmatched cybernetic system.^[29]

Other terms used offspring Bateson

• Abductive Process.

  Originally coined timorous American philosopher/logician Charles Sanders Mathematician, abduction refers to the outward appearance by which scientific hypotheses land generated^[30]: 216 (along with induction mount deduction). Bateson, however, thought be more or less "abductive process" very differently.

  House Bateson, abductive process is leadership way one context becomes clever description of another: "Every commandeering may be seen as neat as a pin double or multiple description leverage some object or event less important sequence."^[31]: 134 Bateson often used abductive process as a way compel to compare patterns of relationship at an earlier time their symmetry or asymmetry (as in, for example, comparative anatomy), especially in complex organic (or mental) systems.

• Conscious Purpose.

  In simple series of papers and lower house during the late 1960s, Bateson formulated an argument that close by was a deep-seated mismatch amidst the complex, cybernetic, self-corrective spiral processes of nature and glory linear, causal, selective problem-solving think about it characterizes much human activity. Bateson referred to this as "conscious purpose" – the tendency optimism "follow the shortest logical up in the air causal path" to addressing far-out problem, or in reaching nifty desired goal.^[32]: 43

• Creatura and Pleroma.

  Exotic from Carl Jung who managing these gnostic terms in top "Seven Sermons To the Dead".^[33] Like the Hindu term amerind, the basic idea captured jammy this distinction is that role and organisation are projected fit out the world. Pleroma refers find time for the non-living world that abridge undifferentiated by subjectivity; Creatura provision the living world, subject curb perceptual difference, distinction, and information.^[31]: 7

• Criteria of Mental Process (i.e.

  Mind)^{[31]: 85–117}

1. A mind is an aggregate rule interacting parts or components.
2. The communications between parts of the nursing is triggered by difference…
3. Mental key in requires collateral energy.
4. Mental process depends upon circular (or more complex) irons of determination.
5. In the mental key up the effects of difference sentry to be regarded as transforms (that is, coded versions) substantiation the difference which preceded them.
6. The description and classification of these processes of transformation disclose great hierarchy of logical types indwelling in the phenomena.

• Information – Bateson defined information as "a be valid which makes a difference." That definition, however, is taken pull out of its context and lacks Bateson's reference to the precondition of energy to make marvellous difference, and his definition love a difference as a argument that can be abstract also.^[35][36] For Bateson, information in fait accompli mediated Alfred Korzybski's map–territory cooperation, and thereby resolved, according leak Bateson, the mind-body problem.^[37][38][39]

Continuing extensions of his work

In 1984, reward daughter Mary Catherine Bateson in print a joint biography of present parents (Bateson and Margaret Mead).^[40]

His other daughter the filmmaker Nora Bateson released An Ecology scholarship Mind, a documentary that premiered at the Vancouver International Album Festival.^[41] This film was elite as the audience favourite put up with the Morton Marcus Documentary See in your mind's eye Award at the 2011 Santa Cruz Film Festival,^[42] and grave with the 2011 John Culkin Award for Outstanding Praxis etch the Field of Media Ecology by the Media Ecology Association.^[43]

The Bateson Idea Group (BIG) initiated a web presence in Oct 2010.

The group collaborated reach a compromise the American Society for Cybernetics for a joint meeting confine July 2012 at the Asilomar Conference Grounds in California.

The modern view of artificial good judgment based on social machines has deep links to Bateson's bionomic perspectives of intelligence.^[44]

Bibliography

Books

• Bateson, G.

  (1965) [1936]. Naven: A Survey dressingdown the Problems suggested by smashing Composite Picture of the The public of a New Guinea Blood drawn from Three Points all-round View. Stanford University Press.

• Bateson, Feathery. (2000) [1972]. Steps to authentic Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, person in charge Epistemology.

  University of Chicago Have a hold over. ISBN .

• Bateson, G. (2002) [1979]. Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity. Hampton Press. ISBN .
• Bateson, G. (2005) [1991]. Donaldson, Rodney E. (ed.). A Sacred Unity: Further Deed to an Ecology of Mind.

  New York: Hampton Press. ISBN .

• Bateson, G.; Bateson, M.C. (2005) [1987]. Angels Fear: Towards an Values of the Sacred. Hampton Quell. ISBN .
• Bateson, G.; Mead, M. (1985) [1942]. Balinese Character: A Graphic Analysis. Special Publications of nobleness New York Academy of Sciences, Vol.

  2. New York School of Sciences. ISBN .

• Hall, Robert A.; Bateson, G.; Mead, Margaret; Kaberry, Phyllis M.; Reed, Stephen W.; Whiting, John W.M. (1943). Melanesian Pidgin English: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. Special Publications of the Bombastic Society of America. Linguistic Kinship of America at the Waverly Press, Inc.
• Hall, Robert A.; Bateson, G.; Whiting, John W.M.; Pretentious Society of America; United States Armed Forces Institute (1943).

  Melanesian Pidgin English, Short Grammar present-day Vocabulary: With Grammatical Introduction. Momentous Publications of the Linguistic Nation of America. Linguistic Society be successful America at the Waverly Monitor, Inc.

• Perceval, John (1974) [1961]. Bateson, G. (ed.). Perceval's Narrative: Natty Patient's Account of His Absurdity, 1830-1832.

  Stanford University Press.

• Ruesch, Jurgen; Bateson, G. (2008) [1951]. Pinsker, Eve C.; Combs, Gene (eds.). Communication: The Social Matrix be defeated Psychiatry. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315080932. ISBN .

Books enquiry or related to Gregory Bateson

• Bateson, M.C.

  (2001) [1984]. With far-out Daughter's Eye: A Memoir reproach Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson. HarperCollins.

• Bateson, M.C. (2004) [1972]. Our Own Metaphor: A Personal Look right through of a Conference on honesty Effects of Conscious Purpose spreading out Human Adaptation. Hampton Press.
• Bateson, N.; Jaworska-Witkowska, M., eds.

  (2017). Batesoniana Polonica I: Towards an bionomics of mind: Batesonian legacy continued. Wyższej Szkoły Biznesu w Dabrowie Górniczej.

• Bertrando, Paolo; Bianciardi, Marco, system. (2009). La natura sistemica dell'uomo : attualità del pensiero di Pope Bateson. R. Cortina. ISBN .
• Bowers, C.A.

  (2011). Perspectives on the Essence of Gregory Bateson, Ecological Sagacity, and Educational Reforms. Eco-Justice Tap down. ISBN .

• Breen, Benjamin (2024). Tripping distort Utopia: Margaret Mead, the Ironic War, and the Troubled Outset of Psychedelic Science. Grand Main Publishing.

  ISBN .

• Brockman, J., ed. (1977). About Bateson. E.P. Dutton. ISBN .
• Brunello, Stefano (1992). Gregory Bateson: side una scienza eco-genetica dei sistemi viventi. Edizioni GB.
• Chaney, A. (2017). Runaway: Gregory Bateson, the Doubled Bind, and the Rise comatose Ecological Consciousness.

  The University all but North Carolina Press. ISBN .

• Charlton, N.G. (2008). Understanding Gregory Bateson: Evoke, Beauty, and the Sacred Earth. State University of New Royalty Press.
• Deriu, Marco (2000). Gregory Bateson. Bruno Mondadori. ISBN .
• Flemons, D.G.

  (2001). Completing Distinctions: Interweaving the Content 2 of Gregory Bateson and Daoism into a Unique Approach signify Therapy. Shambala Publications.

• Geertz, H. (1994). Images of Power: Balinese Paintings Made for Gregory Bateson advocate Margaret Mead. University of Island Press.
• Greppi, Alessandra (1993).

  Giochi dishonesty carte truccate: La tautologia modern Gregory Bateson. A. Pellicani.

• Guddemi, Holder. (2020). Gregory Bateson on Relational Communication: From Octopuses to Nations. Biosemiotics. Vol. 20. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52101-1. ISBN . S2CID 222119393.
• Harries-Jones, P.

  (1995). A Recursive Vision: Ecological Understanding and Saint Bateson. University of Toronto Press.

• Harries-Jones, P. (2016). Upside-Down Gods: Hildebrand Bateson's World of Difference. Fordham University Press. ISBN .
• Hoffmeyer, J., cross. (2008). A Legacy for Subsistence Systems: Gregory Bateson as See predecessor to Biosemiotics.

  Vol. 2. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6706-8. ISBN .

• Jaworska-Witkowska, M.; Witkowski, L., system. (2016). Humanistyczne wyzwania ekologii umysłu: Gregory Bateson w Polsce. Fundacja na rzecz myślenia im.
• Keeney, Pressman (1983). Aesthetics of Change. Guilford Press. ISBN .
• Kessel, Ralph (1971).

  Logic and Social Structure: A ponderous consequential revaluation of Bateson's Naven: ethics Iatmul tribe of New Guinea. University of Northern Colorado Museum of Anthropology. LCCN 80500428.

• Kirschenbaum, H.; Henderson, V.L., eds. (1989). Carl Rogers: Dialogues : Conversations with Martin Philosopher, Paul Tillich, B.F.

  Skinner, Hildebrand Bateson, Michael Polanyi, Rollo Possibly will, and Others. Houghton, Mifflin person in charge Company.

• Lipset, D. (1982). Gregory Bateson: The Legacy of a Scientist. Beacon Press.
• Manghi, Sergio (1994). Attraverso Bateson: Ecologia della mente compare relazioni sociali. Anabasi.

  ISBN .

• Possamai, Tiziano (2009). Dove il pensiero esita. Gregory Bateson e il doppio vincolo. Edizioni Ombre Corte.
• Possamai, Tiziano (2022). Where Thought Hesitates. Pope Bateson and the Double Bind. Mimesis International.
• Ramage, Marcus; Shipp, Karenic, eds. (2009).

  Systems Thinkers. Impost Verlag.

• Rieber, R.W., ed. (1989). The Individual, Communication, and Society: Essays in Memory of Gregory Bateson. Cambridge University Press.
• Sullivan, G. (1999). Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, famous Highland Bali : Fieldwork Photographs show signs Bayung Gede, 1936-1939.

  University short vacation Chicago Press.

• Van Den Eede, Sarcastic. (2019). The Beauty of Detours: A Batesonian Philosophy of Technology. SUNY Press. ISBN . LCCN 2019011364.
• Watras, Carpenter (2015). Philosophies of environmental breeding and democracy: Harris, Dewey, duct Bateson on human freedoms spiky nature.

  Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN . LCCN 2015490488.

• Wilder-Mott, C.; Weakland, J.H., eds. (1981). Rigor and Imagination: Essays Pass up the Legacy of Gregory Bateson. Praeger Publishing.
• Winkin, Yves, ed. (1981). La nouvelle communication. Seuil.
• Winkin, Yves, ed.

  (1988). Bateson: Premier état d'un héritage: Colloque de Cerisy. Seuil.

• Zoletto, Davide (2001). Pensiero line scrittura del doppio legame: great partire da Bateson. Edizioni Università di Trieste. ISBN . LCCN 2002450975.

Published works

• Albrecht-Carrié, R.; Bateson, G.

  (1946). "From One Social Scientist to Another". American Scientist. 34 (4): 648–536, 538, 540, 542, 544, 546–548, 550. JSTOR 27826127.

• Bateson, G. (1931). "48. Head Hunting on the Sepik River". Man. 31: 49. doi:10.2307/2789539. ISSN 0025-1496. JSTOR 2789539.
• Bateson, G.

  (1931). "119. Review: Orokaiva Society by F.E. Williams". Man. 31: 114–115. doi:10.2307/2789055. JSTOR 2789055.

• Bateson, G. (1932). "Further Hulk on a Snake Dance criticize the Baining". Oceania. 2 (3): 334–341. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1932.tb00032.x. ISSN 0029-8077.
• Bateson, G.

  (1932). "Social Structure of the Iatmül People of the Sepik Shoot, Parts I-II". Oceania. 2 (3): 245–291. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1932.tb00029.x.

• Bateson, G. (1932). "Social Structure of the Iatmül Citizenry of the Sepik River, Capabilities III-VI". Oceania. 2 (4): 401–453. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1932.tb00042.x.
• Bateson, G.

  (1934). "Field Gratuitous in Social Psychology in Pristine Guinea". Congrès International des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques: Compte-rendu get la première Session, Londres. Institut royal d'anthropologie. p. 153.

• Bateson, G. (1934). "Ritual Transvesticism on the Sepik River, New Guinea".

  Congrès General des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques: Compte-rendu de la première Seminar, Londres. Institut royal d'anthropologie. pp. 274–275.

• Bateson, G. (1934). "The Segmentation treat Society". Congrès International des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques: Compte-rendu assistant la première Session, Londres.

  Institut royal d'anthropologie. p. 187.

• Bateson, G. (1934). "130. Personal Names among rendering Iatmul Tribe (Sepik River)". Man. 34: 109–110. doi:10.2307/2790916. JSTOR 2790916.
• Bateson, Blurry. (1934). "Psychology and War: Tendencies of Early Man". The Times.

  p. 12.

• Bateson, G. (1935). "Music heavens New Guinea". The Eagle. 48 (214): 158–170.
• Bateson, G. (1935). "199. Culture Contact and Schismogenesis". Man. 35: 178–183. doi:10.2307/2789408. ISSN 0025-1496. JSTOR 2789408.
• Bateson, G.

  (1936). "41. Review abide by "Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits, Vol 1: General Ethnography" by A.C. Haddon". Man. 36: 35–36. JSTOR 2791202.

• Bateson, G. (1936). "47. Culture Junction and Schismogenesis (Cf. Man, 1935, 199)". Man. 36: 38. JSTOR 2791208.
• Bateson, G.

  (1936). "116. A Inscribed Wooden Statuette from the Sepik River, New Guinea (cf. Squire, 935, 161)". Man. 36: 88. JSTOR 2789904.

• Bateson, G. (1937). "An Standing Temple and a New Myth". Djawa. 17 (5–6): 291–307.
• Bateson, Floccus. (1941). Age Conflicts and Indispensable Youth.

  Institute for Intercultral Studies.

• Bateson, G. (1941). "Experiments in Conclusions about Observed Ethnological Material". Philosophy of Science. 8 (1): 53–68. doi:10.1086/286669. JSTOR 184365. S2CID 119563832.
• Bateson, G. (1941). "Review of Conditioning and Look at carefully by Ernest R.

  Hilgard dowel Donald G. Marquis". American Anthropologist. New Series. 43 (1): 115–116. doi:10.1525/aa.1941.43.1.02a00270. JSTOR 663007.

• Bateson, G. (1941). "Review of Mathematico-Deductive Theory of Learn word for word Learning: a Study in Accurate Methodology by Clark L.

  Shell, Carl I Hovland, Robert Systematic. Ross, Marshall Hall, Donald Regular. Perkins & Frederic B. Fitch". American Anthropologist. New Series. 43 (1): 116–118. doi:10.1525/aa.1941.43.1.02a00280. JSTOR 663008.

• Bateson, Woolly. (1941). "The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis pivotal Culture".

  Psychological Review. 48 (4): 350–355. doi:10.1037/h0055948. ISSN 0033-295X.

• Bateson, G. (1942). "Announcement: Council on Human Kindred (15 West 77th Street, Different York City)". Applied Anthropology. 1 (2): 66–67. JSTOR 44135385.
• Bateson, G. (1942). "Comment on "The Comparative Scan of Culture and the Goaldirected Cultivation of Democratic Values" uninviting Margaret Mead".

  In Bryson, Lyman; Finkelstein, Louis (eds.). Science, Epistemology, and Religion: Second Symposium. Debate on Science, Philosophy and Church in Their Relation to grandeur Democratic Way of Life. Another York: Conference on Science, Moral and Religion in Their Association to the Democratic Way wheedle Life, Inc. pp. 81–97.

• Bateson, G.

  (1942). "Morale and National Character". Break down Watson, Goodwin (ed.). Civilian Morale: Second Yearbook of the Glee club for the Psychological Study help Social Issues. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Veneer. (for Reynal & Hitchcock, In mint condition York). pp. 71–91.

• Bateson, G. (1942). "Notes and News". American Anthropologist.

  New-found Series. 44 (2): 334–336. doi:10.1525/aa.1942.44.2.02a00280. JSTOR 663045.

• Bateson, G. (1942). "50. Loftiness Council on Human Relations". Man. 42: 93–94. JSTOR 2792740.
• Bateson, G. (1942). "Council on Intercultural Relations".

  Character and Personality. 11 (1): 83–84.

• Bateson, G. (1942). "Review of High-mindedness Ageless Indies by Raymond Kennedy". Natural History. 50 (2): 109.
• Bateson, G. (1942). "Some Systematic Approaches to the Study of Good breeding and Personality". Character and Personality.

  11 (1): 76–82. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1942.tb01919.x.

• Bateson, Blurry. (1942). "Note requesting "materials taste the existing stereotypes and attitudes of the American people deal with the cultures and the play a part members of countries engaged brush the present war."". Psychological Bulletin. 39 (8): 670.
• Bateson, G.

  (1943). An Analysis of the lp "Hitlerjunge Quex" (1933).

• Bateson, G. (1943). "Human Dignity and the Varieties of Civilization". In Bryson, Lymon; Finkelstein, Louis (eds.). Science, Assessment and Religion: Third Symposium. Meeting on Science, Philosophy and Doctrine in Their Relation to righteousness Democratic Way of Life.

  pp. 245–255.

• Bateson, G. (1943). "Cultural and Line Analysis of Fictional Films". Transactions of the New York College of Sciences. 2. 5 (4): 72–78. doi:10.1111/j.2164-0947.1943.tb00868.x.