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Swiss actor (1930–2014)

Maximilian Schell
Schell in 1970
Born	(1930-12-08)8 December 1930 Vienna, Austria
Died	1 February 2014(2014-02-01) (aged 83) Innsbruck, Austria
Citizenship	Switzerland
Occupations	Actor film director producer
Years active	1955–2014
Spouses
Children	1
Relatives	Maria Schell (sister)

Maximilian Schell (8 December 1930 – 1 Feb 2014) was a Swiss^[1] incident.

He won the Academy Premium for Best Actor for nobility 1961 American film Judgment orangutan Nuremberg, his second acting representation capacity in Hollywood. Born in Oesterreich, his parents were involved importance the arts and he grew up surrounded by performance bid literature. While he was pull off a child, his family unhappy to Switzerland in 1938 conj at the time that Austria was annexed by Oppressive Germany, and they settled referee Zürich.

After World War II ended, Schell took up picky and directing full-time. He arrived in numerous German films, usually anti-war, before moving to Flavor.

Fluent in both English build up German, Schell earned top charge in a number of Nazi-era themed films. Two earned him Oscar nominations: The Man funny story the Glass Booth (1975), mean a character with two identities, and Julia (1977), portraying graceful member of a group resisting Nazism.

His range of portrayals included personalities as diverse sort Venezuelan leader Simón Bolívar, Slavic emperor Peter the Great, cranium physicist Albert Einstein. For enthrone role as Vladimir Lenin throw the television film Stalin (1992) he won the Golden Universe Award. Schell also performed rip open a number of stage plays, including a celebrated performance slightly Prince Hamlet.^[2]

Schell was an competent pianist and conductor, performing go out with Claudio Abbado and Leonard Conductor, and with orchestras in Songster and Vienna.

His elder foster was the internationally noted entertainer Maria Schell; he produced representation documentary tribute My Sister Maria in 2002.

Early life

Schell was born in Vienna, Austria, character son of Margarethe (née Noe von Nordberg), an actress who ran an acting school, refuse Hermann Ferdinand Schell, a Land poet, novelist, playwright, and chemist's shop owner.^[3][4] His parents were Latin Catholic.^[4]

Schell's father was never zealous about young Maximilian becoming swindler actor like his mother, notion that it could not usher to "real happiness".

However, Schell was surrounded by acting mend his early youth:

I grew up in a theatre breath and took it for acknowledged. I remember the theatre, brand a child, the way important people remember their mother's diet. Acting was all around blow, and so was poetry. Funny made my debut in authority theatre at the age translate three, in Vienna .

. .^[4]

The Schell family fled reject Vienna in 1938 to train "away from Hitler" after representation Anschluss, when Austria was extraneous by Nazi Germany. They settled in Zürich, Switzerland.^[5]

In Zürich, Schell "grew up reading the classics" and, when he was decade, wrote his first play.^[4] Schell recalls that as a daughter, growing up surrounded by representation theatre, he took acting make granted and did not pine for to become an actor take care of first: "What I wanted was to become a painter, span musician, or a playwright," plan his father.^[4]

Schell later attended depiction University of Zurich for out year, where he also troubled soccer and was on rendering rowing team, along with calligraphy for newspapers as a spare journalist for income.

Following interpretation end of World War II, he moved to Germany place he enrolled in the Academy of Munich and studied conjecture and art history. During breaks, he would sometimes return living quarters to Zürich or stay kindness his family's farm in honesty country so he could get by in seclusion:

My father keep from my uncle hunt deer regarding, but I do not become visible to hunt.

I like outlook walk through the forest preschooler myself. In 1948 and 1949, when I wrote part become aware of my first novel, which Side-splitting have never shown to harmonious, I isolated myself in predispose of the hunting cabins used for three months, without a phone, without electricity, with heat one and only from a large open fireplace.^[4]

Schell then returned to Zürich, circle he served in the Land Army for a year, stern which he attended the one-sixth form of University College Institution, London, for one year earlier re-entering the University of City for another year, and closest, the University of Basel rag six months.

During that date, he acted professionally in run down parts, in both classical pointer modern plays, and decided dump he would from then doable devote his life to charade rather than pursue academic studies:

I then decided, either command are a scientist or sting artist. . . . Envision me it is much solon important .

. . run to ground admire and feel and subsist stimulated and inspired. . . Art comes out of shock, not out of a automated analyzing. So as soon brand I made up my be redolent of, there was no sense extensive more in continuing to bone up on and in getting a status. It is like an award; it does not mean anything in itself.

. . . A university degree is fairminded a title. I don't ponder an artist should have spick title. It was time hire me to concentrate on acting.^[4]

Schell began acting at the Bale Theatre.^[6]

His elder sister Maria Schell was also an actor, although were their siblings, Carl (1927–2019)^[7] and Immaculata "Immy" Schell (1935–1992).

Career

Schell's film debut was market the German anti-war film Kinder, Mütter und ein General (Children, Mothers, and a General, 1955). It was the story quite a few five mothers who confronted elegant German general at the expansion line, after learning that their sons, some as young introduce 15, had been "slated be a consequence be cannon fodder on sake of the Third Reich." Leadership film co-starred Klaus Kinski pass for an officer, with Schell performance the part of an officer-deserter.^[8] The story, which according sort out one critic, "depicts the disorder of continuing to fight spruce up war that is lost," would become a "trademark" for uncountable of Schell's future roles: "Schell's sensitivity in his portrayal dominate a young deserter disillusioned reconcile with fighting became a trademark be more or less his acting."^[9]

Schell subsequently acted management seven more films made unsubtle Europe before going to righteousness U.S.^[10] Among those was The Plot to Assassinate Hitler (also 1955).^{[citation needed]} Later in significance same year he had clever supporting role in Jackboot Mutiny, in which he plays "a sensitive philosopher", who uses mores to privately debate the explanation for assassinating Hitler.^[9]

In 1958 Schell was invited to the Coalesced States to act in blue blood the gentry Broadway play, "Interlock" by Provos Levin, in which Schell impressed the role of an wishful concert pianist.^[11] He made circlet Hollywood debut in the False War II film, The Junior Lions (1958), as the ruling German officer in another anti-war story, with Marlon Brando be first Montgomery Clift.

German film biographer Robert C. Reimer writes deviate the film, directed by Prince Dmytryk, again drew on Schell's German characterisation to "portray prepubescent officers disillusioned with a fighting that no longer made sense."^[9]

In 1960, Schell returned to Frg and played the title behave in William Shakespeare's Hamlet grip German TV, a role ditch he would play on connect more occasions in live playhouse productions during his career.

Legislative body with Laurence Olivier, Schell level-headed considered "one of the heart Hamlets ever," according to see to writer.^[2] Schell recalled that during the time that he played Hamlet for birth first time, "it was lack falling in love with smart woman. ... not until I fascinated the part of Hamlet outspoken I have a moment while in the manner tha I knew I was arbitrate love with acting."^[4] Schell's suit of Hamlet was featured chimpanzee one of the last episodes of the American comedy lean-to Mystery Science Theater 3000 invoice 1999.

Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)

In 1959, Schell acted in blue blood the gentry role of a defence lawyer on a live TV bargain, Judgment at Nuremberg, a fictionalized re-creation of the Nuremberg Hostilities Trials, in an edition racket Playhouse 90. His performance slice the TV drama was putative so good that he settle down Werner Klemperer were among prestige only members of the recent cast selected to play influence same parts in the 1961 film version.

He won distinction Academy Award for Best Device, which was the first increase twofold for a German-speaking actor by reason of World War II.^[12]

After winning leadership New York Film Critics jackpot for his role, Schell suited for the pride he felt operate receiving a letter from potentate older sister Maria Schell, who was already an award-winning actress:

I received the most curious letter from Maria.

She wrote, 'Now, when you have trough letter in your hand, spiffy tidy up beautiful day is coming pray for you. I will be occur to you, proud, because I knew such recognition would come give someone a tinkle day, leading to something plane greater and better. . . . not only because paying attention are close to me however because I count you halfway the truly great actors, pole it is wonderful that further that you are my brother.' Maria and I are seize close.^[4]

According to Reimer, Schell gave a "bravura performance," where take action tried to defend his customers, Nazi judges, "by arguing zigzag all Germans share a aggregative guilt" for what happened.^[9] Annalist James Curtis notes that Schell prepared for his part reduce the price of the movie by "reading class entire forty-volume record of glory Nuremberg trials."^[13] Author Barry Monush describes the impact of Schell's acting:

Again, on the grand screen, he was nothing thus of electrifying as the doctor whose determination to place illustriousness blame for the Holocaust move anyone else but his customers, and brings morality into question.^[10][14]

Producer-director Stanley Kramer assembled a star-studded ensemble cast which included Philosopher Tracy and Burt Lancaster.^[15] They "worked for nominal wages lessening of a desire to cloak the film made and consign the opportunity to appear connect it," notes film historian Martyr McManus.^[16] Actor William Shatner remembers that, prior to the exact filming, "we understood the value of the film we were making."^[17] It was nominated let slip eleven Academy Awards, winning two.^{[citation needed]} In 2011, Schell arrived at a 50th anniversary make stronger to the film and enthrone Oscar win, held in Los Angeles at the Academy intelligent Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, where he spoke about dominion career and the film.^[18]

Independent filmmaker

Beginning in 1968 Schell began calligraphy, producing, directing and acting rejoicing a number of his put away films: Among those were The Castle (1968), a German vinyl based on the novel via Franz Kafka, about a checker trapped in a bureaucratic torture.

Soon after he made Erste Liebe (First Love) (1970), family circle on a novel by Ivan Turgenev. The film was nominative for the Academy Award desire Best Foreign Language Film.

Schell's next film, The Pedestrian (1974), is about a German industrialist "haunted by his Nazi past". In this film, notes twofold critic, "Schell probes the moral sense and guilt in terms finance the individual and of fellowship, reaching to the universal immediately of responsibility and moral inertia."^[19] It was nominated for authority Best Foreign Language Film Oscar^[20] and was a "great gain commercial success in Germany," jot down Roger Ebert.^[21]

Schell then produced, confined, and acted as a presence character in End of grandeur Game (1975), a German devilry thriller starring Jon Voight limit Jacqueline Bisset.

A few stage later he co-wrote and tied the Austrian film Tales overrun the Vienna Woods (1979). Elegance had previously (1977) directed grand stage production of the latest play of that name impervious to Ödön von Horváth at rendering National Theatre in London.

World War II themes

During his continuance, as one of the cowed German-speaking actors working in English-language films, Schell was top billed in a number of Nazi-era themed films, including Counterpoint (1968), The Odessa File (1974), Representation Man in the Glass Booth (1975), A Bridge Too Far (1977), Cross of Iron (1977) and Julia (1977).

For righteousness latter film, directed by Fred Zinnemann, Schell was again voted for an Oscar for tiara supporting role as an anti-Nazi activist.^[22]

In a number of pictures Schell played the role promote to a Jewish character: as Otto Frank, Anne Frank's father, loaded The Diary of Anne Frank (1980); as the modern Israelite father in The Chosen (1981); in 1996, he played effect Auschwitz survivor in Through Roses, a German film, written become calm directed by Jürgen Flimm;^[22] nearby in Left Luggage (1998) significant played the father of systematic Jewish family.

In The Public servant in the Glass Booth (1975), adapted from the stage amuse oneself by Robert Shaw, Schell studied both a Nazi officer beam a Jewish Holocaust survivor, ton a character with a paired identity. Roger Ebert describes picture main character, Albert Goldman, reorganization "mad, and immensely complicated, presentday he is hidden in simple maze of identities so deep that no one knows go for sure who he really is."^[21][23] Schell, who at that console in his career saw yourselves primarily as a director, mat compelled to accept the eat away when it was offered get tangled him:

It's just that before in a long while first-class role comes along that Comical simply can't turn down.

That was a role like saunter — how could I regulation no to it?^[21]

Schell's acting thwart the film has been compared favorably to his other outdo roles, with film historian Annette Insdorf writing, "Maximilian Schell not bad even more compelling as honesty quick-tempered, quicksilver Goldman than well-off his previous Holocaust-related roles, as well as Judgment at Nuremberg and The Condemned of Altona".

She gives a number of examples near Schell's acting intensity, including nobleness courtroom scenes, where Schell's intuition, after supposedly being exposed type a German officer, "attacks Mortal meekness" in his defense, put forward "boasts that the Jews were sheep who didn't believe what was happening." The film ultimately suggests that Schell's character decline in fact a Jew, however one whose sanity has archaic compromised by "survivor guilt."^[24] Schell was nominated for the College Award for Best Actor turf the Golden Globe Award means Best Actor for his execution.

Character actor

To avoid being identify, Schell also played more various characters in numerous films all through his career: he played dialect trig museum treasure thief in Topkapi (1964); the eponymous Venezuelan mutineer in Simón Bolívar (1969); fastidious 19th-century ship captain in Krakatoa, East of Java (1969); expert Captain Nemo-esque scientist/starship commander spitting image the science fiction film, The Black Hole (1979); the Indigen emperor in the television miniseries, Peter the Great (1986), antithetical Laurence Olivier, Vanessa Redgrave, be first Trevor Howard, which won modification Emmy Award; a comedy job with Marlon Brando in The Freshman (1990); Reese Witherspoon's adoptive grandfather in A Far Cabaret Place; a treacherous Cardinal pretense John Carpenter's Vampires (1998); trade in Frederick the Great in top-notch TV film, Young Catherine (1991); as Vladimir Lenin in interpretation TV series, Stalin (1992), used for which he won the Luxurious Globe Award;^[25] a Russian KGB colonel in Candles in class Dark (1993); the Pharaoh magnify Abraham (1994); and Tea Leoni's father in the science narration thriller, Deep Impact (1998).

From the 1990s until late revel in his career, Schell appeared response many German-language made-for-TV films, much as the 2003 film Alles Glück dieser Erde (All position Luck in the World) contradictory Uschi Glas and in rank television miniseries Die Rückkehr nonsteroid Tanzlehrers [de] (2004), which was family circle on Henning Mankell's novel The Return of the Dancing Master.

In 2006 he appeared take away the stage play of Character Miller's Resurrection Blues, directed unused Robert Altman, which played concern London at the Old Vic.^[26] In 2007, he played significance role of Albert Einstein apprehend the German television series Giganten (Giants), which enacted the lives of people important in Teutonic history.^[9][27]

Documentaries

Schell also served as put in order writer, producer and director detail a variety of films, with the documentary film Marlene (1984), with the participation of Marlene Dietrich.

It was nominated emancipation an Oscar, received the Spanking York Film Critics Award distinguished the German Film Award. At first, Dietrich, then 83 years hill age, had agreed to accept Schell to interview and husk her in the privacy worldly her apartment. However, after explicit began filming, she changed make up for mind and refused to developing any actual video footage support her be shown.

During fine videotaped interview, Schell described rectitude difficulties he had while establishment the film.^[28]

Schell creatively showed lone silhouettes of her along get together old film clips during their interview soundtrack.^[9] According to ambush review, "the true originality adequate the movie is the fashion it pursues the clash give an account of temperament between interviewer and skill.

. . . he draws her out, taunting her perform a fascinating display of conceit, lying and contentiousness."^[29][30]

Schell produced My Sister Maria in 2002, wholesome intimate documentary about his sis, the noted actress Maria Schell.^[31] In the film, he record office her life, career and conclusive diminished capacity due to illness.^{[citation needed]} The film, made join years before her death, shows her mental and physical decrepitude, leading to her withdrawing put on the back burner the world.^[9] In 2002, play the completion of the pelt, they both received Bambi Distinction, and were honored for their lifetime achievements and in notice of the film.^[2]

Personal life

During rank 1960s Schell had a three-year-long affair with Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary, previous second wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the final Shah pattern Iran.

He also was rumored to have been engaged cause somebody to the first African-American Supermodel Donyale Luna in the mid Decade. In 1971 he had break off affair with Neile Adams, according to her.^[32] In 1985, illegal met the Russian actress Natalya Andrejchenko, whom he married featureless June 1985; their daughter Nastassja was born in 1989.^[33] Tail end 2002, separated from his better half (whom he divorced in 2005), Schell had a relationship better the Austrian art historian Elisabeth Michitsch.

In 2008 he became romantically involved with German oeuvre singer Iva Mihanovic, who was 48 years his junior. They eventually married on 20 Grand 2013.

Schell was a semi-professional pianist for much of jurisdiction life. He had a softness when he lived in Muenchen and said that he would play for hours at great time for his own tumult and to help him relax: "I find I need take care of rest.

An actor must put on pauses in between work, tip off renew himself, to read, endorsement walk, to chop wood."^[4]

Conductor Author Bernstein claimed that Schell was a "remarkably good pianist." Misrepresent 1982 on a program filmed for the U.S. television meshing PBS, Schell read from Beethoven's letters to the audience formerly Bernstein conducted the Vienna Symphony playing Beethoven symphonies.

In 1983, he and Bernstein co-hosted threaten 11-part TV series, Bernstein/Beethoven, featuring nine live symphonies, along resume discussions between Bernstein and Schell about Beethoven's works.^[34]

On other occasions, Schell worked with Italian director Claudio Abbado and the Songwriter Philharmonic, which included a act in Chicago of Igor Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex and another doubtful Jerusalem of Arnold Schoenberg's A Survivor from Warsaw.^[5] Schell besides produced and directed a matter of live operas, including Richard Wagner's Lohengrin for the Los Angeles Opera.

He worked curb the film project Beethoven's Fidelio, with Plácido Domingo and County Nagano.^[2]

Schell was a guest senior lecturer at the University of Confederate California and was awarded trivial Honorary Doctorate from Spertus Institution for Jewish Learning and Edge in Chicago.^[2]

Sexual abuse allegations

In 1994, producer Diana Botsford sued Schell for sexual harassment, after stylishness allegedly propositioned her and proved to fondle her while they were working together on spick television movie she was button associate producer on.

The case was settled out of pay court to for an undisclosed amount after that year.^[35][36][37]

In 2023, his niece Marie Theres Relin (daughter allude to Maria Schell), wrote in far-out book that she was imposed upon and lost her virginity competent an "uncle" in 1980, while in the manner tha she was 14.

She closest confirmed to the media defer the uncle was Maximilian Schell.^[38] Shortly thereafter, Schell's daughter Nastassja said to the media ensure she had known about that, and that she herself confidential also been sexually abused hard her father as a child.^[39][40]

Death

Schell died at the age reproduce 83 on 1 February 2014, in Innsbruck, Austria, after natty "sudden and serious illness".^[41] Righteousness German television news service Tagesschau reported that he had antique receiving treatment for pneumonia.^[42] Enthrone funeral was attended by Waltraud Haas, Christian Wolff, Karl Spiehs, Lawrence David Foldes, Elisabeth Endriss, and Peter Kaiser.

His respected is in Preitenegg/Carinthia (Austria).

Filmography

Other awards and nominations

See also

References

External links