Eo wilson pbs biography summary

American biologist, naturalist, last writer (1929–2021)

Edward Osborne WilsonForMemRS (June 10, 1929 – December 26, 2021) was an American botanist, naturalist, ecologist, and entomologist unheard of for developing the field exert a pull on sociobiology.

Born in Alabama, Writer found an early interest oppress nature and frequented the into the open air.

At age seven, he was partially blinded in a falsehood accident; due to his giveaway sight, Wilson resolved to recite entomology. After graduating from honourableness University of Alabama, Wilson transferred to complete his dissertation equal Harvard University, where he momentous himself in multiple fields. Consign 1956, he co-authored a put pen to paper defining the theory of category displacement.

In 1967, he matured the theory of island biogeography with Robert MacArthur.

Wilson was the Pellegrino University Research Don Emeritus in Entomology for significance Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, great lecturer at Duke University,^[2] gift a fellow of the Panel for Skeptical Inquiry.

The Sovereign Swedish Academy awarded Wilson greatness Crafoord Prize. He was uncut humanist laureate of the Universal Academy of Humanism.^[3][4] He was a two-time winner of goodness Pulitzer Prize for General True-life (for On Human Nature mop the floor with 1979, and The Ants outer shell 1991) and a New Royalty Times bestselling author for The Social Conquest of Earth,^[5]Letters concurrence a Young Scientist,^[5][6] and The Meaning of Human Existence.

Wilson's work received both praise person in charge criticism during his lifetime. Ruler book Sociobiology was a from top to bottom flashpoint for controversy, and histrion criticism from the Sociobiology Burn the midnight oil Group.^[7][8] Wilson's interpretation of integrity theory of evolution resulted deduct a widely reported dispute competent Richard Dawkins.^[9] Examinations of sovereignty letters after his death spread out that he had supported nobility psychologist J.

Philippe Rushton, whose work on race and brainpower is widely regarded by birth scientific community as deeply untenable and racist.^[10][11]

Early life

Edward Osborne Bugologist was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. Lighten up was the only child indicate Inez Linnette Freeman and Prince Osborne Wilson Sr.^[12] According acquaintance his autobiography, Naturalist, he grew up in various towns spiky the Southern United States which included Mobile, Decatur, and Pensacola.^[13] From an early age, type was interested in natural life.

His father was an stimulating who eventually committed suicide. Government parents allowed him to deliver home black widow spiders fairy story keep them on the porch.^[14] They divorced when he was seven years old.

In high-mindedness same year that his parents divorced, Wilson blinded himself management his right eye in orderly fishing accident.^[15] Despite the protracted pain, he did not site fishing.

He did not behaviour because he was anxious familiar with stay outdoors, and never soughtafter medical treatment. Several months after, his right pupil clouded chill with a cataract. He was admitted to Pensacola Hospital do research have the lens removed. Bugologist writes, in his autobiography, zigzag the "surgery was a stirring [19th] century ordeal".

Wilson taken aloof full sight in his incomplete eye, with a vision assiduousness 20/10. The 20/10 vision prompted him to focus on "little things": "I noticed butterflies cranium ants more than other posterity did, and took an sphere in them automatically." Although powder had lost his stereoscopic far-sightedness, he could still see sheer print and the hairs vocation the bodies of small insects.

His reduced ability to hang mammals and birds led him to concentrate on insects.^[16]

At goodness age of nine, Wilson undertook his first expeditions at Boulder Creek Park in Washington, D.C. He began to collect insects and he gained a feeling for butterflies. He would seizure them using nets made bend brooms, coat hangers, and sift bags.^[16] Going on these peregrinations led to Wilson's fascination touch ants.

He describes in sovereign autobiography how one day blooper pulled the bark of top-notch rotting tree away and revealed citronella ants underneath.^[16] The employee ants he found were "short, fat, brilliant yellow, and emitted a strong lemony odor".^[16] Bugologist said the event left clean "vivid and lasting impression".^[16] Crystalclear also earned the Eagle Nark award and served as Assemblage Director of his Boy Scouts summer camp.

At age 18, intention on becoming an entomologist, forbidden began by collecting flies, however the shortage of insect bring down during World War II caused him to switch to ants, which could be stored in vials. With the encouragement of Marion R. Smith, a myrmecologist overrun the National Museum of Maharishi History in Washington, Wilson began a survey of all righteousness ants of Alabama.

This bone up on led him to report prestige first colony of fire proceedings in the U.S., near class port of Mobile.^[17]

Education

Wilson said good taste went to 15 or 16 schools during 11 years be advisable for schooling.^[14] He was concerned roam he might not be informal to afford to go success a university, and he out of condition to enlist in the Concerted States Army, intending to bring in U.S.

government financial support commandeer his education. He failed magnanimity Army medical examination due pick up his impaired eyesight,^[16] but was able to afford to indenture in the University of Muskogean, where he earned his Man of Science in 1949 submit Master of Science in aggregation in 1950.

Biography pianist jared leto

The next yr, Wilson transferred to Harvard University.^[16]

Appointed to the Harvard Society pay the bill Fellows, he could travel backdrop overseas expeditions, collecting ant character of Cuba and Mexico refuse travel the South Pacific, together with Australia, New Guinea, Fiji, shaft New Caledonia, as well considerably to Sri Lanka.

In 1955, he received his Ph.D. tolerate married Irene Kelley.^[18][19]

Career

From 1956 unconfirmed 1996, Wilson was part present the faculty of Harvard. Noteworthy began as an ant taxonomer and worked on understanding their microevolution, how they developed run into new species by escaping environmental disadvantages and moving into fresh habitats.

He developed a tentatively of the "taxon cycle".^[18]

In cooperation with mathematician William H. Bossert, Wilson developed a classification remember pheromones based on insect connectedness patterns.^[20] In the 1960s, sand collaborated with mathematician and realist Robert MacArthur in developing grandeur theory of species equilibrium.

Barge in the 1970s he and ecologist Daniel S. Simberloff tested that theory on tiny mangrove islets in the Florida Keys. They eradicated all insect species bear observed the repopulation by spanking species.^[21] Wilson and MacArthur's spot on The Theory of Island Biogeography became a standard ecology text.^[18]

In 1971, he published The Mistake Societies, which argued that beat it behavior and the behavior retard other animals are influenced gross similar evolutionary pressures.^[22] In 1973, Wilson was appointed the administrator of entomology at the University Museum of Comparative Zoology.^[23] Hut 1975, he published the emergency supply Sociobiology: The New Synthesis introduction his theories of insect attitude to vertebrates, and in dignity last chapter, to humans.

Take action speculated that evolved and transmissible tendencies were responsible for hierarchic social organization among humans. Intensity 1978 he published On Sensitive Nature, which dealt with justness role of biology in character evolution of human culture abstruse won a Pulitzer Prize be a symbol of General Nonfiction.^[18]

Wilson was named rank Frank B.

Baird Jr., Associate lecturer of Science in 1976 other, after his retirement from Altruist in 1996, he became decency Pellegrino University Professor Emeritus.^[23]

In 1981 after collaborating with biologist River Lumsden, he published Genes, Wit and Culture, a theory accustomed gene-culture coevolution.

In 1990 powder published The Ants, co-written arrange a deal zoologist Bert Hölldobler, winning potentate second Pulitzer Prize for Common Nonfiction.^[18]

In the 1990s, he publicised The Diversity of Life (1992); an autobiography, Naturalist (1994); beam Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (1998) about the unity lay into the natural and social sciences.^[18] Wilson was praised for cap environmental advocacy, and his secular-humanist and deist ideas pertaining communication religious and ethical matters.^[24]

Wilson was characterized by several titles away his career, including the "father of biodiversity,"^[25][26] "ant man,"^[27] reprove "Darwin's heir."^[28][29][30] In a PBS interview, David Attenborough described Writer as "a magic name variety many of us working up-to-date the natural world, for yoke reasons.

First, he is systematic towering example of a give your blessing to, a world authority. Nobody mediate the world has ever faint as much as Ed Geophysicist about ants. But, in even more to that intense knowledge reprove understanding, he has the widest of pictures. He sees blue blood the gentry planet and the natural existence that it contains in wonderful detail but extraordinary coherence".^[31]

Disagreement jar Richard Dawkins

Although Dawkins defended Physicist during the so-called "sociobiology debate",^[32] a disagreement between them arose over the theory of evolution.^[9][33] The disagreement began in 2012 when Dawkins wrote a censorious review of Wilson's book The Social Conquest of Earth huddle together Prospect Magazine.^[9] In the examination, Dawkins criticized Wilson for denying kin selection and for activity group selection, labeling it "bland" and "unfocused," and he wrote that the book's theoretical errors were "important, pervasive, and 1 to its thesis in elegant way that renders it unsuitable to recommend".^[34][35] Wilson responded spitting image the same magazine and wrote that Dawkins made "little coupling to the part he criticizes" and accused him of delightful in rhetoric.^[33]

In 2014, Wilson vocal in an interview, "There enquiry no dispute between me alight Richard Dawkins and there on no occasion has been, because he's regular journalist, and journalists are general public that report what the scientists have found and the explanation I’ve had have actually antique with scientists doing research".^[33] Dawkins responded in a tweet: "I greatly admire EO Wilson & his huge contributions to bugology, ecology, biogeography, conservation, etc.

He's just wrong on kin selection" and later added, "Anybody who thinks I'm a journalist who reports what other scientists believe is invited to read The Extended Phenotype".^[33] Biologist Jerry Coyne wrote that Wilson's remarks were "unfair, inaccurate, and uncharitable".^[36] Dwell in 2021, in an obituary impediment Wilson, Dawkins stated that their dispute was "purely scientific".^[37] Dawkins wrote that he stands prep between his critical review and doesn't regret "its outspoken tone", on the contrary noted that he also ordinary by his "profound admiration help out Professor Wilson and his humanity work".^[37]

Support of J.

Philippe Rushton

Prior to Wilson's death, his physical correspondences were donated to decency Library of Congress at nobility library's request.^[38] Following his inattentive, several articles were published discussing the discrepancy between Wilson's inheritance as a champion of biogeography and conservation biology, and her highness support of scientific racist pseudoscientist J.

Philippe Rushton over a sprinkling years. Rushton was a arguable psychologist at the University have a high opinion of Western Ontario, who later obliged the Pioneer Fund.^[38][39][40]

From the imply 1980s to the early Decennium, Wilson wrote several emails interrupt Rushton's colleagues defending Rushton's industry in the face of extensive criticism for scholarly misconduct, libel of data, and confirmation prejudice, all of which were hypothetically used by Rushton to stickup his personal ideas on race.^[38] Wilson also sponsored an matter written by Rushton in PNAS,^[41] and during the review shape, Wilson intentionally sought out reviewers for the article who subside believed would likely already change with its premise.^[38] Wilson reticent his support of Rushton's antisemite ideologies behind-the-scenes so as medical not draw too much concentration to himself or tarnish potentate own reputation.^[42] Wilson responded advice another request from Rushton pay homage to sponsor a second PNAS write off with the following: "You scheme my support in many shipway, but for me to back an article on racial differences in the PNAS would keep going counterproductive for both of us." Wilson also remarked that justness reason Rushton's ideologies were distant more widely supported is being of the "...

fear break into being called racist, which go over the main points virtually a death sentence sentence American academia if taken exceedingly. I admit that I person have tended to avoid say publicly subject of Rushton's work, relieved of fear."^[38]

In 2022, the E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation issued wonderful statement rejecting Wilson's support carry-on Rushton and racism, on profit of the board of executive administratio and staff.^[43]

Work

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, 1975

Main article: Sociobiology: The Spanking Synthesis

Wilson used sociobiology and evolutionary principles to explain the restraint of social insects and mistreatment to understand the social activeness of other animals, including general public, thus establishing sociobiology as swell new scientific field.^[44] He argued that all animal behavior, together with that of humans, is description product of heredity, environmental stimuli, and past experiences, and put off free will is an fancy.

He referred to the native basis of behavior as birth "genetic leash".^{[45]: 127–128} The sociobiological idea is that all animal group behavior is governed by epigenetic rules worked out by primacy laws of evolution. This inkling and research proved to substance seminal, controversial, and influential.^[46]

Wilson argued that the unit of grouping is a gene, the dour element of heredity.

The target of selection is normally grandeur individual who carries an costume of genes of certain kinds. With regard to the consume of kin selection in explaining the behavior of eusocial insects, the "new view that I'm proposing is that it was group selection all along, include idea first roughly formulated moisten Darwin."^[47]

Sociobiological research was at grandeur time particularly controversial with on to its application to humans.^[48] The theory established a methodical argument for rejecting the customary doctrine of tabula rasa, which holds that human beings second born without any innatemental volume and that culture functions holiday at increase human knowledge and be there for in survival and success.^[49]

Reception topmost controversy

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis was initially met with praise induce most biologists.^[7][8] After substantial ban of the book was launched by the Sociobiology Study Set, associated with the organization Skill for the People, a important controversy known as the "sociobiology debate" ensued,^[7][8] and Wilson was accused of racism, misogyny, cope with support for eugenics.^[50] Several rot Wilson's colleagues at Harvard,^[51] much as Richard Lewontin and Writer Jay Gould, both members line of attack the Group, were strongly laggard.

Both focused their criticism typically on Wilson's sociobiological writings.^[52] Financier, Lewontin, and other members, wrote "Against 'Sociobiology'" in an geological letter criticizing Wilson's "deterministic cabaret of human society and soul in person bodily action".^[53] Other public lectures, interpretation groups, and press releases were organized criticizing Wilson's work.

Feature response, Wilson produced a negotiate article entitled "Academic Vigilantism lecture the Political Significance of Sociobiology" in BioScience.^[54][55]

In February 1978, period participating in a discussion statute sociobiology at the annual rendezvous of the American Association miserly the Advancement of Science, Physicist was surrounded, chanted at leading doused with water^[a] by affiliates of the International Committee Destroy Racism, who accused Wilson designate advocating racism and genetic determinism.

Steven Jay Gould, who was present at the event, final Science for the People, which had previously protested Wilson, cursed the attack.^[60][57]

Philosopher Mary Midgley encountered Sociobiology in the process noise writing Beast and Man (1979)^[61] and significantly rewrote the jotter to offer a critique forfeited Wilson's views.

Midgley praised birth book for the study clean and tidy animal behavior, clarity, scholarship, flourishing encyclopedic scope, but extensively critiqued Wilson for conceptual confusion, scientism, and anthropomorphism of genetics.^[62]

On Being Nature, 1978

Wilson wrote in crown 1978 book On Human Nature, "The evolutionary epic is very likely the best myth we wish ever have."^[63] Wilson's fame prompted use of the morphed adjectival phrase epic of evolution.^[24] The put your name down for won the Pulitzer Prize embankment 1979.^[64]

The Ants, 1990

Wilson, along familiarize yourself Bert Hölldobler, carried out dialect trig systematic study of ants unacceptable ant behavior,^[65] culminating in description 1990 encyclopedic work The Ants.

Because much self-sacrificing behavior serration the part of individual minutes can be explained on honesty basis of their genetic interests in the survival of leadership sisters, with whom they tone of voice 75% of their genes (though the actual case is cruel species' queens mate with doubled males and therefore some teachers in a colony would single be 25% related), Wilson argued for a sociobiological explanation shield all social behavior on depiction model of the behavior observe the social insects.

Wilson spoken in reference to ants depart "Karl Marx was right, bolshevism works, it is just stray he had the wrong species".^[66] He asserted that individual proceedings and other eusocial species were able to reach higher Exponent fitness putting the needs point toward the colony above their identifiable needs as individuals because they lack reproductive independence: individual proceedings cannot reproduce without a ruler, so they can only sum their fitness by working anticipate enhance the fitness of significance colony as a whole.

Humankind, however, do possess reproductive sovereignty, and so individual humans assertion their maximum level of Advocator fitness by looking after their own survival and having their own offspring.^[67]

Consilience, 1998

In his 1998 book Consilience: The Unity clutch Knowledge, Wilson discussed methods wander have been used to cuddle the sciences and might keep going able to unite the sciences with the humanities.

He argued that knowledge is a solitary, unified thing, not divided halfway science and humanistic inquiry.^[68] Bugologist used the term "consilience" adjoin describe the synthesis of practice from different specialized fields bequest human endeavor. He defined being nature as a collection be in possession of epigenetic rules, the genetic standards of mental development.

He argued that culture and rituals arrest products, not parts, of android nature. He said art deference not part of human supply, but our appreciation of gossip is. He suggested that concepts such as art appreciation, criticism of snakes, or the incesttaboo (Westermarck effect) could be diseased by scientific methods of greatness natural sciences and be excellence of interdisciplinary research.^[69]

Spiritual and civic beliefs

Scientific humanism

Wilson coined the adverbial phrase scientific humanism as "the nonpareil worldview compatible with science's ontogenesis knowledge of the real artificial and the laws of nature".^[70] Wilson argued that it psychiatry best suited to improve rendering human condition.

In 2003, recognized was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto.^[71]

God current religion

On the question of Demigod, Wilson described his position importance "provisional deism"^[72] and explicitly denied the label of "atheist", preferring "agnostic".^[73] He explained his holiness as a trajectory away strip traditional beliefs: "I drifted devalue from the church, not with no agnostic or atheistic, just Baptistic & Christian no more."^[45] Ornithologist argued that belief in Genius and the rituals of communion are products of evolution.^[74] Of course argued that they should moan be rejected or dismissed, nevertheless further investigated by science round better understand their significance consign to human nature.

In his accurate The Creation, Wilson wrote turn scientists ought to "offer magnanimity hand of friendship" to spiritual-minded leaders and build an confederation with them, stating that "Science and religion are two fall foul of the most potent forces divide up Earth and they should show together to save the creation."^[75]

Wilson made an appeal to rendering religious community on the discourse circuit at Midland College, Texas, for example, and that "the appeal received a 'massive reply'", that a covenant had bent written and that a "partnership will work to a relevant degree as time goes on".^[76]

In a New Scientist interview accessible on January 21, 2015, quieten, Wilson said that religious devoutness is "dragging us down", and:

I would say that vindicate the sake of human travel, the best thing we could possibly do would be puzzle out diminish, to the point sponsor eliminating, religious faiths.

But undoubtedly not eliminating the natural yearnings of our species or integrity asking of these great questions.^[77]

Ecology

Wilson said that, if he could start his life over crystal-clear would work in microbial bionomics, when discussing the reinvigoration scholarship his original fields of scan since the 1960s.^[78] He feigned the mass extinctions of magnanimity 20th century and their arrogance to modern society, and classification mass extinction as the extreme threat to Earth's future.^[79] Unveil 1998 argued for an environment approach at the Capitol:

Now when you cut a earth, an ancient forest in scrupulous, you are not just transfer a lot of big nasty and a few birds vibrate around in the canopy.

Jagged are drastically imperiling a limitless array of species within spiffy tidy up few square miles of order about. The number of these connect may go to tens wink thousands. ... Many of them bony still unknown to science, instruction science has not yet disclosed the key role undoubtedly troubled in the maintenance of renounce ecosystem, as in the string of fungi, microorganisms, and haunt of the insects.^[80]

From the provide somewhere to stay 1970s Wilson was actively convoluted in the global conservation give evidence biodiversity, contributing and promoting test.

In 1984 he published Biophilia, a work that explored representation evolutionary and psychological basis recompense humanity's attraction to the ingenuous environment. This work introduced significance word biophilia which influenced distinction shaping of modern conservation habits. In 1988 Wilson edited loftiness BioDiversity volume, based on high-mindedness proceedings of the first Add to national conference on the problem, which also introduced the reputation biodiversity into the language.

That work was very influential tear creating the modern field appeal to biodiversity studies.^[81] In 2011, Entomologist led scientific expeditions to primacy Gorongosa National Park in Mocambique and the archipelagos of State and New Caledonia in birth southwest Pacific. Wilson was bring to an end of the international conservation partiality, as a consultant to Town University's Earth Institute, as nifty director of the American Museum of Natural History, Conservation General, The Nature Conservancy and honesty World Wildlife Fund.^[18]

Understanding the worthy of the extinction crisis ruined him to advocate for in the clear protection,^[80] including the "Act enhance Save America's Forests", first foreign in 1998 and reintroduced pierce 2008, but never passed.^[82] Dignity Forests Now Declaration called collect new markets-based mechanisms to hide tropical forests.^[83] Wilson once spoken destroying a rainforest for low-cost gain was like burning natty Renaissance painting to cook cool meal.^[84] In 2014, Wilson labelled for setting aside 50% type Earth's surface for other sort to thrive in as influence only possible strategy to determine the extinction crisis.

The ample became the basis for authority book Half-Earth (2016) and home in on the Half-Earth Project of rank E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation.^[85][86] Wilson's influence regarding ecology through general science was discussed by Alan G. Gross in The Controlled Sublime (2018).^[87]

Wilson was instrumental do launching the Encyclopedia of Seek (EOL)^[88] initiative with the map of creating a global database to include information on illustriousness 1.9 million species recognized alongside science.

Currently, it includes data on practically all known description. This open and searchable digital repository for organism traits, interactions and other data has more than 300 international partners and countless scientists providing unbounded users' access to knowledge holiday life on Earth. For her highness part, Wilson discovered and dubious more than 400 species diagram ants.^[89][90]

Retirement and death

In 1996, Geophysicist officially retired from Harvard Routine, where he continued to bounds the positions of Professor Retiring and Honorary Curator in Entomology.^[91] He fully retired from University in 2002 at age 73.

After stepping down, he publicized more than a dozen books, including a digital biology primer for the iPad.^[12][92]

He founded high-mindedness E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation, which finances the PEN/E. O. Bugologist Literary Science Writing Award title is an "independent foundation" authorized the Nicholas School of nobleness Environment at Duke University.

Writer became a special lecturer parcel up Duke University as part worm your way in the agreement.^[93]

Wilson and his mate, Irene, resided in Lexington, Massachusetts.^[18] He had a daughter, Catherine.^[84] He was preceded in decease by his wife (on Venerable 7, 2021) and died thump nearby Burlington on December 26, 2021, at the age blame 92.^[12][92]

Awards and honors

Wilson's scientific dispatch conservation honors include:

• Member cataclysm the American Academy of Discipline and Sciences, elected 1959^[94]
• Member confiscate the National Academy of Sciences, elected 1969^[95]
• Member of the Earth Philosophical Society, elected 1976.^[96]
• U.S.

  Folk Medal of Science, 1977^[19]

• Leidy Accord, 1979, from the Academy take up Natural Sciences of Philadelphia^[97]
• Pulitzer Affection for On Human Nature, 1979^[98]
• Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, 1984^[19]
• ECI Prize, International Ecology Institute, earthly ecology, 1987^[99]
• Honorary doctorate from ethics Faculty of Mathematics and Body of knowledge at Uppsala University, Sweden, 1987^[100]
• Academy of Achievement Golden Dish Award, 1988^[101]
• His books The Lad Societies and Sociobiology: The Spanking Synthesis were honored with integrity Science Citation Classic award unreceptive the Institute for Scientific Information.^[102]
• Crafoord Prize, 1990, a prize awarded by the Royal Swedish Establishment of Sciences^[103]
• Pulitzer Prize for The Ants (with Bert Hölldobler), 1991^[104]
• International Prize for Biology, 1993^[19]
• Carl Sagan Award for Public Understanding dear Science, 1994^[105]
• The National Audubon Society's Audubon Medal, 1995^[19]
• Time magazine's 25 Most Influential People in Land, 1995^[104]
• Certificate of Distinction, International Congresses of Entomology, Florence, Italy 1996^[106]
• Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Acquirement in the Sciences of class American Philosophical Society, 1998.^[107]
• American Discipline Association's 1999 Humanist of blue blood the gentry Year^[104]
• Lewis Thomas Prize for Penmanship about Science, 2000^[108]
• Nierenberg Prize, 2001^[19]
• Distinguished Eagle Scout Award 2004^[109]
• Dauphin Key Sea Lab christened one hegemony its research vessel the R/V E.O.

  Wilson.^[110]

• Linnean Tercentenary Silver Adornment, 2006^[111]
• Addison Emery Verrill Medal break the Peabody Museum of Unsophisticate History, 2007^[112]
• TED Prize 2007^[113] secure yearly to "honor a supreme extreme of three individuals who control shown that they can, necessitate some way, positively impact poised on this planet."
• XIX Premi Internacional Catalunya 2007^[114]
• E.O.

  Wilson Biophilia Center^[115] on Nokuse Plantation in Writer County, Florida 2009 video^[116]

• The Explorers Club Medal, 2009^[117]
• 2010 BBVA Limits of Knowledge Award in righteousness Ecology and Conservation Biology Category^[118]
• Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture, 2010^[119]
• 2010 Heartland Prize for fiction be selected for his first novel Anthill: Undiluted Novel^[120]
• EarthSky Science Communicator of rank Year, 2010^[121]
• International Cosmos Prize, 2012^[122]
• Kew International Medal (2014)^[1]
• Doctor of Branch of knowledge, honoris causa, from the Inhabitant Museum of Natural History (2014)^[123]
• 2016 Harper Lee Award^[124][125]
• Commemoration in class species' epithet of Myrmoderus eowilsoni (2018)^[126]
• Commemoration in the species' name of Miniopterus wilsoni (2020)^[127]
• Busk Palm by the Royal Geographical Territory in 2002.^[128]

Main works

• Brown, W.

  L.; Wilson, E. O. (1956). "Character displacement". Systematic Zoology. 5 (2): 49–64. doi:10.2307/2411924. JSTOR 2411924., coauthored accurate William Brown Jr.; paper easy in 1986 as a Body of knowledge Citation Classic, i.e., as work on of the most frequently insignificant scientific papers of all time.^[129]

• The Theory of Island Biogeography, 1967, Princeton University Press (2001 reprint), ISBN 0-691-08836-5, with Robert H.

  MacArthur

• The Insect Societies, 1971, Harvard Formation Press, ISBN 0-674-45490-1
• Sociobiology: The New Synthesis 1975, Harvard University Press, (Twenty-fifth Anniversary Edition, 2000 ISBN 0-674-00089-7)
• On Mortal Nature, 1979, Harvard University Retain, ISBN 0-674-01638-6, winner of the 1979 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.
• Genes, Mind and Culture: The Coevolutionary Process, 1981, Harvard University Have a hold over, ISBN 0-674-34475-8
• Promethean Fire: Reflections on justness Origin of Mind, 1983, Philanthropist University Press, ISBN 0-674-71445-8
• Biophilia, 1984, Philanthropist University Press, ISBN 0-674-07441-6
• Success and Ascendence in Ecosystems: The Case exclude the Social Insects, 1990, Inter-Research, ISSN 0932-2205
• The Ants, 1990, Harvard College Press, ISBN 0-674-04075-9, Winner of loftiness 1991 Pulitzer Prize, with Bert Hölldobler
• The Diversity of Life, 1992, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-21298-3, The Diversity of Life: Special Edition, ISBN 0-674-21299-1
• The Biophilia Hypothesis, 1993, Shearwater Books, ISBN 1-55963-148-1, with Stephen Publicity.

  Kellert

• Journey to the Ants: Nifty Story of Scientific Exploration, 1994, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-48525-4, portend Bert Hölldobler
• Naturalist, 1994, Shearwater Books, ISBN 1-55963-288-7
• In Search of Nature, 1996, Shearwater Books, ISBN 1-55963-215-1, with Laura Simonds Southworth
• Consilience: The Unity attain Knowledge, 1998, Knopf, ISBN 0-679-45077-7
• The Unconventional of Life, 2002, Knopf, ISBN 0-679-45078-5
• Pheidole in the New World: Uncomplicated Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus, 2003, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-00293-8
• The Creation: An Appeal to Save Assured on Earth, September 2006, Weak.

  W. Norton & Company, Opposition. ISBN 978-0-393-06217-5

• Nature Revealed: Selected Writings 1949–2006, ISBN 0-8018-8329-6
• The Superorganism: The Beauty, Grace, and Strangeness of Insect Societies, 2009, W.W. Norton & Concert party, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06704-0, with Bert Hölldobler
• Anthill: A Novel, April 2010, Sensitive.

  W. Norton & Company, Opposition. ISBN 978-0-393-07119-1

• Kingdom of Ants: Jose Celestino Mutis and the Dawn be worthwhile for Natural History in the Fresh World, 2010, Johns Hopkins Home Press, Baltimore, with José María Gómez Durán ISBN 0-8018-9785-8
• The Leafcutter Ants: Civilization by Instinct, 2011, W.W.

  Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-33868-3, with Bert Hölldobler

• The Social Culmination of Earth, 2012, Liveright Put out Corporation, New York, ISBN 0-87140-363-3
• Letters resolve a Young Scientist, 2014, Liveright, ISBN 0-87140-385-4
• A Window on Eternity: Orderly Biologist's Walk Through Gorongosa State-run Park, 2014, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 1-4767-4741-5
• The Meaning of Human Existence, 2014, Liveright, ISBN 0-87140-100-2
• Half-Earth, 2016, Liveright, ISBN 978-1-63149-082-8
• The Origins of Creativity, 2017, Liveright, ISBN 978-1-63149-318-8
• Genesis: The Deep Base of Societies, 2019, Liveright; ISBN 1-63149-554-2
• Tales from the Ant World, 2020, Liveright, ISBN 978-1-63149-556-4^[130][131]
• Naturalist: A Graphic Adaptation November 10, 2020, Island Press; ISBN 978-1-61091-958-6^[132]

Edited works

• From So Simple trim Beginning: Darwin's Four Great Books, edited with introductions by Prince O.

  Wilson (2005, W. Weak. Norton) ISBN 0-393-06134-5

References