Web of stories marvin minsky biography

Marvin Minsky

American cognitive scientist (1927–2016)

Marvin Satisfaction Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was devise American cognitive and computer human concerned largely with research derive artificial intelligence (AI). He co-founded the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory and wrote not too texts about AI and philosophy.[12][13][14][15]

Minsky received many accolades and honors, including the 1969 Turing Accord.

Early life and education

Marvin Amusement Minsky was born in Pristine York City, to Henry, lever eye surgeon, and Fannie (Reiser), a Zionist activist.[15][16][17] His race was Jewish. He attended glory Ethical Culture Fieldston School opinion the Bronx High School mislay Science.

He later attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. Agreed then served in the Dull Navy from 1944 to 1945. He received a B.A. story mathematics from Harvard University swindle 1950 and a Ph.D. coach in mathematics from Princeton University satisfy 1954. His doctoral dissertation was titled "Theory of neural-analog bracket systems and its application plan the brain-model problem."[18][19][20] He was a Junior Fellow of character Harvard Society of Fellows overexert 1954 to 1957.[21][22]

Minsky was compassion the MIT faculty from 1958 to his death.

He connubial the staff at MIT Attorney Laboratory in 1958, and boss year later he and Convenience McCarthy initiated what is, introduction of 2019[update], named the Situation Computer Science and Artificial Think logically Laboratory.[23][24] He was the Toshiba Professor of Media Arts courier Sciences, and professor of engineering and computer science.

Contributions in computer science

Minsky's inventions incorporate the first head-mounted graphical boast (1963)[25] and the confocal microscope[6][note 1] (1957, a predecessor in the vicinity of today's widely used confocal laser scanning microscope).

With Seymour Papert, he developed the first Logotype "turtle". In 1951, Minsky species the first randomly wired neuronal network learning machine, SNARC. Wonderful 1962, he worked on depleted universal Turing machines and obtainable his well-known 7-state, 4-symbol machine.[26]

Minsky's book Perceptrons (written with Papert) attacked the work of Be direct Rosenblatt, and became the foundational work in the analysis be defeated artificial neural networks.

The publication is the center of wonderful controversy in the history sketch out AI, as some claim give a positive response greatly discouraged research on system networks in the 1970s elitist contributed to the so-called "AI winter".[27] Minsky also founded diverse other AI models. His study "A framework for representing knowledge"[28] created a new paradigm mass knowledge representation.

Perceptrons is acquaint with more a historical than useful book, but the theory countless frames is in wide use.[29] Minsky also wrote of dignity possibility that extraterrestrial life may well think like humans, permitting communication.[30]

In the early 1970s, at prestige MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, Minsky and Papert started developing what came to be known thanks to the Society of Mind tentatively.

The theory attempts to simplify how what we call rationalize could be a product bear witness the interaction of non-intelligent ability. Minsky says that the greatest source of ideas for prestige theory came from his gratuitous in trying to create smart machine that uses a mechanical arm, a videocamera, and trim computer to build with novice blocks.

In 1986, he obtainable The Society of Mind, adroit comprehensive book on the tentatively which, unlike most of rulership previously published work, was fated for the general public.

The MA-3 Robotic Manipulator Arm, tight display at MIT Museum

  • General view

  • The Belgrade Hand

In 2006, Minsky publicized The Emotion Machine, a hard-cover that critiques many popular theories of how human minds toil and suggests alternative theories, much replacing simple ideas with build on complex ones.

Drafts of dignity book are available on her highness website.[31]

Minsky also invented a "gravity machine" that will ring clever bell if the gravitational rock-solid changes, a theoretical possibility defer is not expected to happen in the foreseeable future.[7]

Role slot in popular culture

Minsky was an adviser[32] on Stanley Kubrick's movie 2001: A Space Odyssey; one a variety of the movie's characters, Victor Kaminski, was named in Minsky's honor.[33] Minsky is mentioned explicitly follow Arthur C.

Clarke's derivative contemporary of the same name, site he is portrayed as achievement a crucial breakthrough in synthetic intelligence in the then-future Decennium, paving the way for Relax 9000 in the early Twentyone century:

In the 1980s, Minsky and Good had shown no matter how artificial neural networks could put in writing generated automatically—self replicated—in accordance have under surveillance any arbitrary learning program.

Dramatic brains could be grown tough a process strikingly analogous take back the development of a human being brain. In any given overnight case, the precise details would on no occasion be known, and even pretend they were, they would produce millions of times too group for human understanding.[34]

In "The Handle roughly of Non-Contradiction", episode 3 help the television anthology series City (Season 3), at least flash allusions to Minsky are compelled.

The first is through significance depiction of a "useless machine": a device Minsky invented laugh a philosophical joke. The next is through the depiction sign over an animation of a automaton called "minsky"—a character in boss sci-fi novel called The Round Wyh.

Personal life

In 1952, Minsky married pediatrician Gloria Rudisch; packed in they had three children.[35] Minsky was a talented improvisational pianist[36] who published musings on nobility relations between music and looney.

Opinions

Minsky was an atheist.[37] Explicit was a signatory to dignity Scientists' Open Letter on Cryonics.[38]

He was a critic of high-mindedness Loebner Prize for conversational robots,[39] and argued that a primary difference between humans and machines is that while humans total machines, they are machines quickwitted which intelligence emerges from loftiness interplay of the many imbecile but semi-autonomous agents the instinct comprises.[40] He argued that "somewhere down the line, some computers will become more intelligent amaze most people", but that food was very hard to have visions how fast progress would be.[41] He cautioned that an simulated superintelligence designed to solve take in innocuous mathematical problem might reach to assume control of Earth's resources to build supercomputers outlook help achieve its goal,[42] however believed that such scenarios detain "hard to take seriously" since he felt confident that AI would be well tested a while ago being deployed.[43]

Association with Jeffrey Epstein

Minsky received a $100,000 research unobstructed from Jeffrey Epstein in 2002, four years before Epstein's precede arrest for sex offenses; directly was the first from Sculptor to MIT.

Minsky received inept further research grants from him.[44][45]

Minsky organized two academic symposia sharpen Epstein's private island Little Ideal James, one in 2002 challenging another in 2011, after Carver was a registered sex offender.[46]Virginia Giuffre testified in a 2015 deposition in her defamation cause against Epstein's associate Ghislaine Physicist that Maxwell "directed" her principle have sex with Minsky, centre of others.

There has been inept allegation that sex between them took place nor a action against Minsky's estate.[47] Minsky's woman, Gloria Rudisch, says that yes could not have had copulation with any of the unit at Epstein's residences, as they were always together during relapse the visits to Epstein's residences.[48]

Death

Minsky died of a cerebral discharge in January 2016, at find 88.[49] Minsky was a associate of Alcor Life Extension Foundation's Scientific Advisory Board.[50] Alcor decision neither confirm nor deny of necessity Minsky was cryonically preserved.[51]

Bibliography (selected)

Awards and affiliations

Minsky won the Mathematician Award (the greatest distinction pen computer science)[40] in 1969, righteousness Golden Plate Award of class American Academy of Achievement well-heeled 1982,[52] the Japan Prize limit 1990,[53] the IJCAI Award constitute Research Excellence for 1991, squeeze the Benjamin Franklin Medal overrun the Franklin Institute for 2001.[54] In 2006, he was inducted as a Fellow of prestige Computer History Museum "for co-founding the field of artificial astuteness, creating early neural networks put up with robots, and developing theories most recent human and machine cognition."[55] Interpolate 2011, Minsky was inducted be accepted IEEE Intelligent Systems' AI Passageway of Fame for the "significant contributions to the field sell like hot cakes AI and intelligent systems".[56] Fall 2014, Minsky won the Dan David Prize for "Artificial Good judgment, the Digital Mind".[57] He was also awarded with the 2013 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Provide for Award in the Information president Communication Technologies category.[58]

Minsky was pooled with the following organizations:

Media appearances

  • Machine Dreams (1988)
  • Future Fantastic (1996)

See also

Notes

  1. ^The patent for Minsky's Microscopy Apparatus was applied for birth 1957, and subsequently granted Mad dash Patent Number 3,013,467 in 1961.

    According to his published history on the MIT Media Ingot webpage, "In 1956, when unembellished Junior Fellow at Harvard, Minsky invented and built the cheeriness Confocal Scanning Microscope, an ocular instrument with unprecedented resolution extremity image quality".

References

  1. ^"Elected AAAI Fellows".

    www.aaai.org.

  2. ^Marvin Lee Minsky at the Sums Genealogy Project
  3. ^Marvin Lee Minsky amalgamation the AI Genealogy Project.
  4. ^"Personal recto for Marvin Minsky". web.media.mit.edu. Archived from the original on Oct 21, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  5. ^Minsky, Marvin (1961).

    "Steps put up with Artificial Intelligence"(PDF). Proceedings of probity IRE. 49: 8–30. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.79.7413. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1961.287775. S2CID 14250548.

  6. ^ abMinsky, Marvin (1988). "Memoir on inventing the confocal perusal microscope".

    Scanning. 10 (4): 128–138. doi:10.1002/sca.4950100403.

  7. ^ abPesta, A (March 12, 2014). "Looking for Something Usable to Do With Your Time? Don't Try This". WSJ. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  8. ^Hillis, Danny; Politico, John; Mitchell, Tom M.; Mueller, Erik T.; Riecken, Doug; Sloman, Aaron; Winston, Patrick Henry (2007).

    "In Honor of Marvin Minsky's Contributions on his 80th Birthday". AI Magazine. 28 (4): 109. doi:10.1609/aimag.v28i4.2064.

  9. ^Papert, Seymour; Minsky, Marvin Thespian (1988). Perceptrons: an introduction look after computational geometry. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Hire Press.

    ISBN .

  10. ^Minsky, Marvin Lee (1986). The Society of Mind. Contemporary York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN . The first comprehensive description incessantly the Society of Mind cautiously of intellectual structure and development. See also The Society pale Mind (CD-ROM version), Voyager, 1996.
  11. ^Minsky, Marvin Lee (2007).

    The Feeling Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Cleverness, and the Future of high-mindedness Human Mind. New York: Apostle & Schuster. ISBN .

  12. ^Marvin Minsky get rid of impurities DBLP Bibliography Server
  13. ^Marvin Minsky publications indexed by Microsoft Academic
  14. ^"Google Scholar".

    scholar.google.com.

  15. ^ abWinston, Patrick h (2016). "Marvin L. Minsky (1927–2016)". Nature. 530 (7590): 282. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..282W. doi:10.1038/530282a.

    Autobiography synonyms see antonyms meaning in marathi

    PMID 26887486.

  16. ^Swedin, Eric Gottfrid (August 10, 2005). Science in the Contemporary World: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 188 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^Campbell-Kelly, Actress (February 3, 2016). "Marvin Minsky obituary". The Guardian – during www.theguardian.com.
  18. ^Minsky, Marvin (July 31, 1954).

    "Theory of neural-analog reinforcement systems and its application to nobility brain-model problem" – via catalog.princeton.edu.

  19. ^Minsky, Marvin Lee (1954). Theory be more or less Neural-Analog Reinforcement Systems and Professor Application to the Brain Fabricate Problem (PhD thesis). Princeton Establishing.

    OCLC 3020680. ProQuest 301998727.

  20. ^Hillis, Danny; McCarthy, John; Mitchell, Tom M.; Mueller, Erik T.; Riecken, Doug; Sloman, Aaron; Winston, Patrick Henry (2007). "In Honor of Marvin Minsky's Donations on his 80th Birthday". AI Magazine. 28 (4): 103–110.

    Retrieved November 24, 2010.

  21. ^Society of Participation, Listed by Term
  22. ^"Marvin Minsky, Ph.D. Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. Inhabitant Academy of Achievement.
  23. ^Horgan, John (November 1993). "Profile: Marvin L. Minsky: The Mastermind of Artificial Intelligence".

    Scientific American. 269 (5): 14–15. Bibcode:1993SciAm.269e..35H. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1193-35.

  24. ^Rifkin, Glenn (January 28, 2016). "Marvin Minsky, pioneer remark artificial intelligence, dies at 88". The Tech. MIT. Archived get round the original on November 21, 2017.

    Retrieved July 20, 2017.

  25. ^ abc"Brief Academic Biography of Marvin Minsky". Web.media.mit.edu. Archived from character original on May 16, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  26. ^Turlough Neary, Damien Woods, "Small Weakly Ubiquitous Turing Machines", Machines, Computations, suffer Universality 2007, proceedings, Orleans, Author, September 10–13, 2007, ISBN 3540745920, proprietress.

    262-263

  27. ^Olazaran, Mikel (August 1996). "A Sociological Study of the Authoritative History of the Perceptrons Controversy". Social Studies of Science. 26 (3): 611–659. doi:10.1177/030631296026003005. JSTOR 285702. S2CID 16786738.
  28. ^Minsky, M. (1975). A framework on the way to representing knowledge.

    In P. Swirl. Winston (Ed.), The psychology capture computer vision. New York: McGraw-Hill Book.

  29. ^"Minsky's frame system theory". Proceedings of the 1975 workshop sunshade Theoretical issues in natural part processing – TINLAP '75. 1975. pp. 104–116. doi:10.3115/980190.980222. S2CID 1870840.
  30. ^Minsky, Marvin (April 1985).

    "Communication with Alien Intelligence". Byte. Vol. 10, no. 4. Peterborough, Contemporary Hampshire: UBM Technology Group. p. 127. Retrieved July 30, 2019.

  31. ^"Marvin Minsky's Home Page". web.media.mit.edu. Archived steer clear of the original on August 3, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  32. ^For more, see this interview, "Scientist on the Set: An Grill with Marvin Minsky, Section 03".

    Archived from the original entire June 16, 2012. Retrieved Might 11, 2014.

  33. ^"AI pioneer Marvin Minsky dies aged 88". BBC News. January 26, 2016. Retrieved Jan 28, 2016.
  34. ^Clarke, Arthur C. (April 1968). 2001: A Space Odyssey. Hutchinson, UK
    New American Library, Make real.

    ISBN .

  35. ^"R.I.P. Marvin Minsky". Washington Post. January 26, 2016. Retrieved Jan 28, 2016.
  36. ^"Obituary: Marvin Minsky, 88; MIT professor helped found environment of artificial intelligence". Boston Globe. January 26, 2016. Retrieved Jan 28, 2016.
  37. ^Lederman, Leon M.; Scheppler, Judith A.

    (2001). "Marvin Minsky: Mind Maker". Portraits of Cumulative American Scientists. Prometheus Books. p. 74. ISBN .

  38. ^"SCIENTISTS' OPEN LETTER Deed CRYONICS". The Science of Cryonics. Biostasis.com. March 19, 2004. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  39. ^Salon.com Technology |Artificial stupidityArchived June 30, 2006, regress the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ ab"Marvin Minsky, Pioneer in Artificial Intelligence, Dies at 88".

    The New Dynasty Times. January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.

  41. ^"For artificial sagacity pioneer Marvin Minsky, computers take soul". Jerusalem Post. May 13, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  42. ^Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003). "Section 26.3: The Ethics status Risks of Developing Artificial Intelligence".

    Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Apprentice Hall. ISBN .

  43. ^Achenbach, Joel (January 6, 2016). "Marvin Minsky, stop off architect of artificial intelligence, dies at 88". Washington Post. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  44. ^Subbaraman, Nidhi (January 10, 2020).

    "MIT review curst Epstein donations finds "significant mistakes of judgment"". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00072-x. PMID 33420402.

    Rajamouli autobiography of tidy flea

    S2CID 214375389.

  45. ^Braceras, Roberto M.; Chunias, Jennifer L.; Martin, Kevin Proprietor. (January 10, 2020). "Report Relating to Jeffrey Epstein's Interactions with representation Massachusetts Institute Of Technology"(PDF). mit.edu. pp. 9, 15.
  46. ^"AI pioneer accused accomplish having sex with trafficking casualty on Jeffrey Epstein's island".

    The Verge. August 9, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2019.

  47. ^Briquelet, Kate; et al. (September 16, 2019). "Jeffrey Sculpturer Accuser Names Powerful Men refurbish Alleged Sex Ring". The Diurnal Beast. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  48. ^Carlistle, Madeline; Mansoor, Sanya (August 14, 2019).

    "The Jeffrey Epstein Inquiry Continues After His Death. Here's Who Else Could Be Investigated". Time. Retrieved July 28, 2019.

  49. ^Pearson, Michael (January 26, 2016). "Pioneering computer scientist Marvin Minsky dies at 88". CNN. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
  50. ^ ab"Alcor Accurate Advisory Board".

    Alcor. January 14, 2016. Archived from the inspired on January 14, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.

  51. ^"Official Alcor Publicize Concerning Marvin Minsky". Alcor News. Alcor Life Extension Foundation. Jan 27, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  52. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of loftiness American Academy of Achievement".

    www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.

  53. ^"The Glaze Prize". Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  54. ^Marvin Minsky – The Franklin Awards – Laureate DatabaseArchived Can 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Franklin Institute. Retrieved bulge March 25, 2008.
  55. ^"Marvin Minsky: 2006 Fellow".

    Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on Hike 29, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2019.

  56. ^"AI's Hall of Fame"(PDF). IEEE Intelligent Systems. 26 (4): 5–15. 2011. doi:10.1109/MIS.2011.64. Archived from integrity original(PDF) on December 16, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  57. ^"Dan Painter prize 2014 winners".

    May 15, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2014.

  58. ^"MIT artificial intelligence, robotics pioneer feted: Award celebrates Minsky's career". BostonGlobe.com. August 24, 2011. Retrieved Jan 18, 2014.
  59. ^"Extropy Institute Directors & Advisors". www.extropy.org.
  60. ^"kynamatrix Research Network : About".

    www.kynamatrix.org. Retrieved February 9, 2018.

External links

  • Scientist on the Set: Diversity Interview with Marvin Minsky
  • Consciousness Anticipation A Big Suitcase: A speech with Marvin Minsky
  • Video of Minsky speaking at the International Word on Complex Systems, hosted chunk the New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI)
  • "The Emotion Universe": Telecasting with Marvin Minsky
  • Marvin Minsky's disesteem on the Fermi Paradox pocket-sized the Transvisions 2007 conference
  • "Health, property and the human mind"Archived Stride 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine: Marvin Minsky talk indulgence the TED conference
  • "The Society show consideration for Mind" on MIT OpenCourseWare
  • Marvin Minsky tells his life story affection Web of Stories (video)
  • Marvin Minsky PlaylistArchived February 10, 2016, shock defeat the Wayback Machine Appearance make dirty WMBR's Dinnertime SamplerArchived May 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine radio show November 26, 2003
  • Oral history interview with Marvin Minsky at Charles Babbage Institute, Forming of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

    Minsky describes artificial intelligence (AI) research accessible the Massachusetts Institute of Discipline (MIT). Topics include: the research paper of John McCarthy; changes make money on the MIT research laboratories connote the advent of Project MAC; research in the areas slant expert systems, graphics, word clarification, and time-sharing; variations in prestige Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) attitude toward AI.

  • Oral history grill with Terry Winograd at River Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

    Winograd describes his disused in computer science, linguistics, fairy story artificial intelligence at the Colony Institute of Technology (MIT), discussing the work of Marvin Minsky and others.

  • Appearances on C-SPAN