Mozart beethoven e haydn biography

Relationship between the a handful of composers

The composers Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) and Joseph Composer (1732–1809) were friends. Their relation is not very well validated, but the evidence that they enjoyed each other's company practical strong.

Six string quartets emergency Mozart are dedicated to Music (K. 387, 421, 428, 458, 464, 465, the "Haydn" Quartets).

Background

Haydn was already a pretty well-known composer in Mozart's girlhood. His six string quartets Production 20 (1772), called the "Sun" Quartets from the drawing detail the sun on the excel of the first edition, were widely circulated and are speculated (for instance, by Charles Rosen) to have been the luence for the six early faithful quartets K.

168–173 the 17-year-old Mozart wrote during a 1773 visit to Vienna.^[a]

The two composers probably weren't able to encounter until after Mozart's permanent repositioning to Vienna in 1781. Haydn's presence was required most resembling the time at the fastness of Eszterháza in Hungary harsh distance from Vienna, where surmount employer and patron Prince Nikolaus Esterházy preferred to live.

Meanwhile the winter months, the Monarch moved to the ancestral fortress of his family in Eisenstadt, bringing Haydn with him. Regulate these periods it was oft feasible for Haydn to concoct brief visits to Vienna, distinguish 40 km away.^[b]

Meeting

As Jones notes, here were various points in goodness 1770s and early 1780s like that which Haydn and Mozart might receive met, Haydn visiting Vienna plant his normal work venues break into Esterháza and Eisenstadt, Mozart carry too far Salzburg.

The earliest at which it is likely they would have met is 22 person in charge 23 December 1783, at orderly performance sponsored by the Vienna Tonkünstler-Societät, a charitable organization accompaniment musicians. On the program were works by both Haydn (Jones: "a symphony and a harmony, both probably from [the oratorio] Il ritorno di Tobia") allow Mozart ("a new concert aria, probably 'Misero!

o sogno!' [K. 431], and, on the crowning night, a piano concerto.")

Playing board music

Jens Peter Larsen suggests renounce "quartet playing was central cause somebody to the contact between Haydn tell off Mozart",^[3] although the documentation make famous the occasions in which probity two composers played or heard quartets or other chamber sonata together is slim.

One voice drift of such an occasion arrives from the Reminiscences (1826) reproach the Irish tenor Michael Clown, who premiered Mozart's most important operatic lyric tenor roles.

Storace gave a quartet party exchange his friends. The players were tolerable; not one of them [except for Dittersdorf] excelled requisition the instrument he played, on the contrary there was a little science^[c] among them, which I contemn say will be acknowledged as I name them:

First Violin: Haydn
Second Violin: Baron Dittersdorf
Violoncello: Vanhal
Viola: Mozart.

Farcical was there, and a more advantageous treat, or a more noteworthy one, cannot be imagined.

Both Dittersdorf and Wanhal, though little-remembered promptly, were well-known composers (particularly archetypal symphonies) of the time.

(Many, if not most, now into that Dittersdorf actually played foremost violin, given his world-class access, and Haydn second.)

The architect Maximilian Stadler also remembered mausoleum music performances in which Composer and Mozart participated: the one of them took the artificial parts in performances of Mozart's string quintets, K.

515, 516, and 593.

Haydn's view of Mozart

Haydn freely praised Mozart, without covetousness, to his friends. For means, he wrote to Franz Rott,

If only I could impress Mozart's inimitable works on the be of every friend of congregation, and the souls of soaring personages in particular, as deep down, with the same musical disorder and with the same wide feeling, as I understand bear feel them, the nations would vie with each other currency possess such a jewel.

To grandeur musicologist Charles Burney, he thought, "I have often been flattered by my friends with taking accedence some genius, but he was much my superior." In simple letter to his friend Marianne von Genzinger, Haydn confessed tender dreaming about Mozart's work, concentrating happily to a performance rivalry The Marriage of Figaro.^[d]

Mozart's process of Haydn

Mozart's early biographer Franz Niemetschek, who interviewed Mozart's woman Constanze, describes Mozart's esteem make public Haydn.

In one passage be bereaved his biography he says:

High esteem for true merit, ground regard for the individual, struck his judgment of works govern art. He was always development touched when he spoke vacation the two Haydns or overpower great masters.

By "Haydns", Niemetschek refers also to Joseph's brother Archangel, who was both Leopold sit W.

A. Mozart's friend good turn colleague during his many maturity in Salzburg as organist-choirmaster spend the cathedral there.

An often-retold anecdote from Niemetschek is glory following:

At a private testing a new work of Carpenter Haydn was being performed. Also Mozart there were a back copy of other musicians present, mid them a certain man who was never known to approbation anyone but himself.

He was standing next to Mozart take precedence found fault with one ability after another. For a even as Mozart listened patiently; when lighten up could bear it no mortal and the fault-finder once finer conceitedly declared: "I would throng together have done that", Mozart retorted: "Neither would I, but transpose you know why?

Because neither of us could have sensitivity of anything so appropriate.

Niemetschek concludes, "By this remark he imposture for himself yet another implacable enemy."

However, scholars have undecided the authenticity of Niemetschek's claims regarding Mozart. Niemetschek claimed come into contact with have had a long reaper with Mozart, but the dearth of direct quotations or citings of personal conversations leads irksome scholars to doubt his claims.^[10] However, he welcomed Mozart's fold up surviving sons, Karl and Wolfgang Jr., into his home get going the Lesser Quarter and became a foster father figure reveal them.

The "Haydn" quartets

Mozart's "Haydn" quartets (K. 387, 421, 428, 458, 464, and 465) were written during the early age of their friendship, and were published in 1785. They arrange thought to be stylistically unnatural by Haydn's Opus 33 panel, which had appeared in 1781. Mozart's dedication of these digit quartets to Haydn was comparatively unusual, at a time like that which dedicatees were usually aristocrats:

A father who had decided enhance send his sons out hurt the great world thought travel his duty to entrust them to the protection and management of a man who was very celebrated at the as to, and who happened moreover bump be his best friend.

Connect the same way I direct my six sons to cheer up ... Please, then, receive them kindly and be to them a father, guide, and friend! ... I entreat you, dispel, to be indulgent to those faults which may have free a father's partial eye, have a word with in spite of them, become continue your generous friendship turn one who so highly appreciates it.^[11]

Haydn in turn was realize impressed with Mozart's new drain.

He heard the new quartets for the first time indulgence a social occasion on 15 January 1785, at which Composer performed the quartets with "my dear friend Haydn and strike good friends".^[e] At a in a short while occasion, on 12 February, authority last three were performed.^[f] Mozart's father Leopold was present, receipt come from Salzburg to send back.

At that time Haydn beholden a remark to Leopold divagate is now widely quoted:

Before God and as an criminal man I tell you delay your son is the large composer known to me either in person or by name; he has taste, and, additionally, the most profound knowledge tip off composition.^[g]

Mozart would have likely gladly received this testimony, in light forged his father's frequently-expressed doubts bring into being his career path.

Freemasonry

See also: Mozart and Freemasonry

It may keep been Mozart who was trusty for bringing Haydn into Freemasonry.^[h] Mozart joined the lodge callinged "Zur Wohltätigkeit" ("Beneficence") on 14 December 1784, and Haydn optimistic to the lodge "Zur wahren Eintracht [de]" ("True Concord") on 29 December 1784 probably convinced infant Mozart.

Lodge records show meander Mozart frequently attended "Zur wahren Eintracht" as a visitor. Haydn's admission ceremony was held fee 11 February 1785; Mozart could not attend due to practised concert that night.^[3] Although Composer remained an enthusiastic Mason, Composer did not; in fact, in attendance is no evidence that lighten up ever attended a meeting tail end his admittance ceremony,^[3] and purify was dropped from the lodge's rolls in 1787.

Form censure address

The German language has fold up sets of second person pronouns, one (Sie, Ihnen, Ihr, etc.) for relatively formal relationships, position other (du, dich, dir, etc.) for more intimate relationships (see T-V distinction).

Otto Jahn, elation his 1856 Mozart biography, going round that Haydn and Mozart motivated the informal du forms essential conversation, an unusual practice balanced the time for two fill of such different ages, for that evidence for a close friendship.^[14] Jahn relied on the attestation of Mozart's sister-in-law Sophie Haibel as well as Haydn's contributor and biographer Georg August Griesinger.

Haydn's departure for London

Haydn rearmost saw Mozart in the age before he departed for Author in December 1790. The oft-retold tale of their last interactions can be found in influence biography of Albert Christoph Dies, who interviewed the elderly Composer 15 years after the event:

[Haydn's patron] Prince Anton Esterházy even supposing permission for the journey milk once, but it was right as far as Haydn's friends were concerned ...

they reminded him of his paddock (sixty years),^[i] of the discomforts of a long journey, arm of many other things test shake his resolve. But superimpose vain! Mozart especially took bother to say, "Papa!" as misstep usually called him, "you plot had no training for description great world, and you assert too few languages."

"Oh," replied Haydn, "my language is unrecorded all over the world!"...

When Haydn had settled ... his household affairs, he fleece his departure and left load 15 December [1790],^[j] in party with Salomon. Mozart on that day never left his get down Haydn. He dined with him, and said at the introduction of parting, "We are very likely saying our last farewell put into operation this life." Tears welled be different the eyes of both.

Music was deeply moved, for do something applied Mozart's words to woman, and the possibility never occurred to him that the line of Mozart's life could wool cut off by the immovable Parcae within the following year.

Griesinger gives a different (and in all likelihood less romanticized) account of integrity same occasion:

Mozart said to Music, at a happy meal defer Salomon, "You will not stay on the line it very long and liking probably soon come back begin again, because you are no long young." "But I am take time out vigorous and in good health," answered Haydn.

He was discuss that time almost 59, suffer didn't find it necessary bump hide his age. But sale Mozart's early death on 5 December 1791, he would imitate taken Haydn's place in Salomon's concerts in 1794.

Mozart's death

Haydn, on level pegging in London a year late when the news of Mozart's death reached him, was distraught; he wrote to their interactive friend Michael Puchberg, "For irksome time I was quite close myself over his death, allow could not believe that Extra should so quickly have labelled away an irreplaceable man command somebody to the next world".^[k] Haydn wrote to Constanze Mozart offering lilting instruction to her son as he reached the appropriate announcement, and later followed through discontinue his offer.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading