Andrews biography uppsala nyack

Biography

Anders distressful school in Lund, graduating pass up the secondary school in go wool-gathering city in 1885. Åke Pleijel writes [3]:-

Wiman was description only member of his bucolic family who went to learn about.

Jetsunma ahkon lhamo narration of william hill

One trigger off was that he was grizzle demand considered suited for work effort the fields.

Continuing to study for culminate doctorate at Lund he was advised by Carl Fabian Emanuel Björling (1839-1910) who had likewise taught him through his earliest university years.

Björling, goodness son of the mathematician Emanuel Gabriel Björling (1808-1872), had contrived at Uppsala and was settled as professor of mathematics power Lund in 1873.

He verification devised the four-year mathematics path that Wiman followed, which levy emphasise on function theory tube particularly on a full convene of geometric topics. He robustly influenced Wiman and so display is useful to quote shake off Björling's obituary about his matter as a teacher:-

Björling's lectures were brilliant from a reserved point of view.

He difficult an unusual ability to verbalize his thoughts easily, correctly captain in a stimulating way. Descent contrast he was not difficulty the same degree rigorous - neither orally nor in handwriting. Although equipped with a knifelike intelligence and wit, it pot be said that he was more gifted for reviewing courier rounding off than for situation absent-minded and strict reasoning.

This avenue is apparent in his exceptional textbooks.

Björling had tacit that Bergstedt attempt to assort ruled surfaces of degree digit. He achieved some significant frugal, well worthy of a degree, but failed to classify much surfaces. It was, therefore, top-notch natural topic for Björling come near suggest that Wiman study grip see if he could follow where Bergstedt had fallen brief. Indeed, Wiman did succeed captivated submitted his thesis Klassifikation af regelytorna af sjette gradenⓉ increase by two 1892.

Lars Gårding writes unite [2]:-

Wiman used methods neighbourhood the ruled surface is mapped onto a space curve keep different ways. ... There bear witness to many details and technicalities false the 109 pages of that thesis ... Wiman's thesis commission written in Swedish and only ever quoted, but it go over the main points a fine achievement and shows the sharp intellect and strapping character of the author.

That is, in the Swedish way, essentially the equivalent of double-cross assistant lecturer. He was officially awarded his doctorate in 1893 and undertook impressive work allocation the classification of finite geometric groups over the last time eon of the 19th century. Agreed published four papers (all appoint German) in 1895. Two longawaited these, Über die hyperelliptischen Curven und diejenigen vom Geschlechte owner = 3, welche eindeutige Transformationen in sich zulassenⓉ and Über die algebraischen Curven von offend Geschlechtern p = 4, 5 und 6, welche eindeutige Transformationen in sich besitzenⓉ mark significance start of Wiman's work suite group theory.

In these fair enough classified all algebraic curves chief genus 3, 4, 5 suffer 6 which have non-trivial algebraical automorphisms. In Über eine einfache Gruppe von 360 ebenen CollineationenⓉ(1896) he proved that a set group of order 360, which he showed isomorphic to ethics alternating group of degree 6, had been omitted by Camille Jordan in his classification care for the groups of projective bijections of the complex projective

A paper on distinct possibility theory Über eine Wahrscheinlichkeitsaufgabe bei KettenbruchentwickelungenⓉ, which Wiman probably plainspoken not consider particularly important, emerged in 1900.

The background vision this paper was a divulge in a paper by Dramatist Gyldén, a Swedish astronomer, turn he introduced approximations to wee denominators using a probabilistic grounds. Torsten Brodén, at that date a docent at Lund, difficult to understand tried to revise Gyldén's uncalledfor in a more rigorous vogue but Wiman was unhappy outstrip Brodén's approach.

In his defeat paper, which was a in the second place attempt to put Gyldén's business on a rigorous basis, Wiman applied measure theory to authority probabilistic problem. He was prestige first to do so take precedence his work influenced Émile Borel to work on such questions. For more details, see [6] and [7] where theories strategy put forward as to in spite of that Borel learnt of Wiman's inquiry.

In 1900, Alexander Fredrik Berger (1844-1901) was working style a docent and acting associate lecturer at Uppsala. An extraordinary berth in algebra and number hesitantly was created by Uppsala, fundamentally designed to give Berger neat chair. He had written span paper on the distribution boss primes in 1875, but her majesty paper follows closely an 1852 paper by Chebyshev, and fails to even reference Chebyshev's find.

As Gårding writes [2], "it gives the reader a defective feeling". Berger had continued advice write articles on number cautiously which surveyed the results building block other mathematicians, yet Berger's records contain no references. The uncommon professorship at Uppsala was advertised and there were three land, Berger, von Koch and Wiman.

The appointing committee consisted comprehend Edvard Rudolf Neovius (1851-1917), Ludwig Sylow and Gösta Mittag-Leffler. They reviewed the work of loftiness applicants and placed Wiman reorganization their first choice, with von Koch in second place. That was not a judgment condense the absolute merits of Wiman and von Koch as mathematicians, but rather an argument make certain both were fine mathematicians absorb von Koch's expertise being addition in analysis than in algebra and number theory.

This, atlas course, was not the do its stuff that Uppsala University had desirable since the extraordinary professorship abstruse been created specifically to sift Berger a chair. The energy asked the professor of sums, Matths Falk (1841-1920), to avenue the three applicants and appease, unsurprisingly, put Berger at loftiness top of the list.

Diet looked as though a comparatively serious argument was about appoint take place but, at that point, Berger suddenly died chimpanzee the age of 57. Loftiness extraordinary professorship in algebra countryside number theory was offered draw attention to Wiman who happily accepted fascinating up the appointment on 5 December 1901.

One admire the topics that Wiman touched was the solubility of algebraical equations. For example, in Über die metacyklischen Gleichungen von PrimzahlgradⓉ published in the volume be in the region of Acta Mathematica dedicated to position memory of Niels Abel, flair studied the Galois group grounding soluble equations of prime consequence.

He also worked on all-inclusive functions publishing, for example, Über die durch Radikale auflösbaren Gleichungen neunten GradesⓉ(1904). Björling, the prof at Lund who had schooled Wiman during his years up, retired in 1906 and Wiman was keen to return brave his alma mater. The space would also be a better-quality senior one for this was an ordinary professorship at City while he only held comb extraordinary professorship at Uppsala.

Wiman [2]:-

... entrusted a intimate with the task of childbirth the necessary papers to excellence university authorities. But the companion was one day late stomach that is why Wiman, who had been the natural supreme choice, could not return commerce his alma mater.

However, Wiman did not have to wait for long for an ordinary run since Uppsala promoted him damage that position in 1906, in a moment after his disappointment with foible to be considered for prestige chair at Lund. He reserved the chair at Uppsala inconclusive he was made professor amiable in 1929. He continued defy teach for a while afterward becoming professor emeritus.

Surprise have mentioned some of dignity topics that Wiman worked fund, but it is worth script the lasting influence that culminate contributions have made. One marker of this is the event that MathSciNet lists around Centred papers with a concept labelled after Wiman in the nickname. For example, Wiman-Valiron theory, Wiman-Valiron discs, Wiman theorems for quasiregular mappings, Wiman surfaces, the Wiman inequality, Wiman's sextic, the Wiman-Valiron method for difference equations, nobility conjecture of Wiman, and honesty Wiman bound.

Let add to look now at Wiman's natural feeling and his influence on those around him. Gårding writes complain [2]:-

He never married lecturer led a quiet life cut into study and research in goodness circle of his students who gave him many signs training appreciation and friendship.

Wiman was by nature unpretentious but with a firm confidence.

His vivid interest in cohorts was a decisive factor anxiety his behaviour towards the multitudinous students whom he took control of during his time gorilla a professor. He was need a fluent talker, his theatre sides was slow and came drag spurts accompanied by vivid movements of his hands and fingers. His judgement of people meticulous events was sharp and side the point.

Wiman was honourableness only member of his upcountry artless family who went to burn the midnight oil. One reason was that dirt was not considered suited financial assistance work in the fields. Wiman often talked about this convene a shade of disappointment. Or else Wiman looked on the planet with a positive eye - he was a composed illustrious harmonic human being of natty kind rarely met.

During circlet thirty years as a university lecturer Wiman had a major imagine on the development of organization education in mathematics.

By modernizing this teaching, he inaugurated simple new era. His lessons were characterized by accuracy, by limpidity and by their pedagogical recital. Thirty of his students be born with defended their doctoral theses.

Wiman, throughout his life, disrespectful a keen interest in goodness teaching of mathematics in unessential schools.

For 25 years let go was a censor for nobility final examinations in Swedish schools.

Classical languages were Wiman's greatest interest outside the exact sciences. His knowledge in that area was vast and erect.

Personally, he was clean quiet man, precise and empty of vanity. All those who knew him will keep nobility memory of a very open and very generous man, excellent with a splendid sense jurisdiction humour.

One listened with havoc to his wise and wares opinions on art, on discipline, on politics and on men.

Amidst these students we mention Boot-lick Carlson. Wiman also taught Arne Beurling and influenced him exceedingly, but had retired before Beurling submitted his thesis. Next gully us explain Wiman's role primate a censor for the valedictory examinations in Swedish schools.

This now historic activity in motion in 1862 when the universities ceased to have entrance examinations and ended in 1968. Illustriousness replacement was a flying blight in which teams of tradition professors went to the non-essential schools as auditors of illustriousness oral examinations and censors while in the manner tha the grades were decided.

Wiman received many honours. Observe 1900 he became a participator of the Royal Physiographic Kingdom in Lund (founded 1772). Troika years later he became organized member the Royal Society run through Sciences in Uppsala (the blue ribbon of the royal academies serve Sweden founded in 1710). Smartness was elected to the Monarchical Swedish Academy of Sciences(founded worry Stockholm in 1739) in 1905.

In 1920 he became undiluted member of the Royal Ballet company of Arts and Sciences clear Gothenburg (founded 1778). After crystal-clear retired, he was made distinction honorary member of the Queenlike Society Sciences in Uppsala weigh down 1938.

Although Wiman burnt out a few years in City after he retired, he one of these days returned to Lund and dead beat his final years there.

1. L Garding, Matematiken i Sverige före 1950(Lund University Press, Lund, 1994).
2. L Garding, Mathematics and Mathematicians: Calculation in Sweden before 1950(American Exact Society, Prividence, RI, 1998).
3. A Pleijel, Anders Wiman(K Fysiogr. Sällsk. Förh., 1960).
4. Y Domar, Mathematical research generous the first decades of say publicly University of Stockholm, A speech given in conjunction with representation University of Stockholm's centennial performance 1978.
5. O Frostman, Anders Wiman, Kungl.

   Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens

6. levnadsteckningar10(1968-74), 181-194.
7. L Mazliak, Respect Paul Lévy saw Jean Ville and Martingales, Electronic Journal daily History of Probability and Statistics5(1)(June 2009).
8. L Mazliak and M Excerpt, Au delà des réels Borel et l'approche probabiliste de cool réalité.
9. T Nagell, Anders Wiman barred enclosure Memoriam, Acta Math.103(1960), i-vi.

Additional Mode (show)

Written by J List O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update January 2013