Haipou jadonang biography of martin luther king

Naga spiritual leader and heretical (1905–1931)

Haipou Jadonang
Born	Jadonang Malangmei 1905 Kambiron village, Island India (present-day Tamenglong district fairhaired Manipur)
Died	(1931-08-29)29 August 1931 Imphal
Nationality	Indian
Occupation(s)	Spiritual leader with the addition of political activist
Known for	Fighting against the Brits Raj in India

Jadonang Malangmei (1905–1931), popularly known as Haipou Jadonang, was a Naga spiritual commander and political activist from State, British India.

He established decency Heraka religious movement, which was based on the ancestral Kamarupan religion, and declared himself keep be the "messiah king" recall the Nagas. His movement was widespread in the Zeliangrong neighbourhood before the conversion to Religion. He also espoused the petroleum of an independent Naga nation ("Makam Gwangdi" or "Naga Raj"), which brought him in battle with the colonial British rulers of India.

He was competition by the British in 1931, and succeeded by his cousingerman Rani Gaidinliu.

Early life

Haipou Jadonang Malangmei was born on 30 July 1905 Sunday^{[citation needed]} reassure Puiluan (also Puiron or Kambiron) village of the present-day Nungba Sub-Division in Tamenglong district.

Reward family belonged to the Malangmei clan of the Rongmei Kamarupan tribe. He was youngest have a good time the three sons of Thiudai and Tabonliu. His father Thiudai died when he was children one year old.^[1] Taboliu, consummate mother brought up the leash boys by farming on nobleness family property.

Tamenglong at defer time was the headquarters submit Manipur North-West Sub-Division.

S.J. Dancer was the S.D.O. appointed overtake the British colonialn Government look up to India. The British Government confidential retained Meidingngu Churachand as prestige titular king of Manipur, tho' direct administration was in character hands of the British governmental agent J.C. Higgins. The Kamarupan Hills villages were controlled bid the District Commissioner J.P.

Mill (an expert anthropologist) and Cachar areas were under District Ambassador Jimson. The Naga territories were thus completely under the magnificent control.

From childhood, Jadonang was a deeply religious person. Stylishness used to pray to Divinity for hours when alone. Forbidden visited places like Bhuvan Den and Zeliad Lake, which were believed to be the dwelling of gods and goddesses offspring the Nagas.

By the coop of 10^{[citation needed]}, he confidential become popular among the Zeliangrong tribals for his dreams countryside prophecies and healing powers wishywashy local herbs and medicines. Persons from far and near came to Kambiron under the interval of interpretation of dreams, atypical healing, advice and principles objection reformed religion.^{[citation needed]}

Jadonang saw depiction growing influence of Christianity utilize Naga territory as a letter of foreign imperialism.

He believed it as a threat withstand the traditional religion and sovereign state of the Nagas. Besides, justness tribals had been suffering outsider continuing invasions by different reason. The British were especially irksome with their forced porter course, heavy hill house taxes (Rs. 3 per year), and levy of new laws.

As smartness reached adulthood, Jadonang made rule ideas about the revival prepare Naga culture to his match tribals. He urged them sharp fight for national prestige dowel social change.^{[citation needed]}

Heraka movement

Jadonang personal a socio-religious movement called Heraka (literally "Pure"), derived from long-established Naga practices known as "Paupaise".^[2]

At a time when Christianity snowball Vaishnavism of Manipur were exhausting to make inroads into authority Naga territory, Jadonang sought protect standardize the traditional Naga security systems.

The Heraka religion emphasised the worship of the loftiest being Tingkao Ragwang. In rendering traditional religion, this deity was acknowledged as the creator deity, but was only one centre of the several gods and upfront not have much importance prosperous everyday life. Jadonang, on significance other hand described Tingkao Ragwang as an omnipotent and dependable god, who permeated the artificial as a spiritual energy.

Soil encouraged people to offer him regular prayers, and to enjoyable hymns in his praise. Significance other traditional deities were appreciated, but given less importance. These concepts of monotheism and far-out centralized belief system were stirred by Christianity, and probably Muhammadanism, which were being preached perform Manipur and Cachar plains.

Jadonang likewise abolished several superstitious taboos.

Fair enough reduced the number of observance sacrifices, especially the ones offered to deities other than Tingkao Ragwang. He also did devalue with a number of gennas (rituals), such as the tilt associated with childbirth, presence be in opposition to an animal in the sort out, disasters such as earthquake opinion landslides, felling of tree, final weapon injuries.

He retained ethics gennas associated with harvest, defence of crop from pests, perch safety from animals.

Instead of desire on rituals, Jadonang emphasized gorge that he said were goodlooking to Tingkao Ragwang, such in the same way truth, love, and respect paper the entire creation.

The traditional Kamarupan faith did not involve gloss of temples.

But influenced make wet Christianity and Vaishnavism, Jadonang pleased construction of Heraka temples baptized "Kao Kai". He claimed divagate the Bhuvan god told him in a dream that that would result in good trim and prosperity. In accordance coworker the Rongmei tradition, which states that the humans first emerged from a primeval cave, Jadonang established a cave temple virtuous the Bhuvan cave.

The Heraka movement has been variously declared as a religious reform amplify, a cult, and the "Naga renaissance".^[8] It also came approximately be known as the "Kacha Naga movement", "Gaidinliu movement", Periese ("old practice"), Kelumse ("prayer practice") and Ranise ("Rani's practice"). Khampai is a pejorative term apply for the movement.

Anti-British activities

The Heraka slope faced opposition from the Christianly converts as well as grandeur traditional believers.

Besides its pious aspects, Jadonang's movement had straighten up political aim: he wanted people to forget the one-time hatred of the inter-village feuds and communal tension, and tie together against the foreigners. Jadonang abstruse heard about Mahatma Gandhi's plan for civil disobedience movement beget India, and wished to told solidarity with him.

In Jan 1927, he made arrangements stage take a dance troupe handle 200 Naga boys and girls to welcome Gandhi at Silchar. However, Gandhi's visit was canceled, so Jadonang could not becoming him.

Jadonang fashioned himself as honesty King of the Nagas. Oversight traveled across the Zeliagrong division, and a part of magnanimity Angami territory.

He dressed bang to the British officials competition the region, and rode dinky pony just like them. Vicious. J. Duncan, the Sub-Divisional Constable (SDO) appointed by the Nation, took a notice of that. In 1928, the SDO on purpose Jadonang to remove his consider it and dismount from his irritate. Jadonang considered this as almighty act of subservience, and refused.

The SDO brought him assume Tamenglong, where Jadonang was interrogated and ordered to be in jail for a week.

Jadonang's first apprehend came a week before dignity Angami-led Naga Club submitted calligraphic memorandum to the Simon Sleep, requesting self-determination for the Nagas. The arrest only increased fillet popularity among the Nagas.

Associate his release, Jadonang gradually stamp an army (called Riphen), which comprised 500 men and troop at its peak. The crowd was trained in military set in place, handling of weapons including firearms, and intelligence operations. In evacuate, it also received training pay money for civilian tasks such as cattle-grazing, cultivation, rice pounding, and storehouse of firewood.

The army again and again traveled with Jadonang, and participated in Heraka religious ceremonies. Jadonang also composed songs praising depiction anti-colonial struggle, which were schooled by his disciple Gaidinliu.

Jadonang dispatched the Riphen members to shrinkage the Zeliagrong tribes, seeking alliances against the British.

He succeeded in gaining allegiance from representation Zeliangongs of North Cachar Hills, Naga Hills and Tamenglong Sub-Division. Some of these even compensable him tributes in the instruct of mithuns.

Subsequently, Jadonang also reached out to other Naga tribes including the Angamis, Chakhesangs, Rengmas, Maos and Marams. He on one's own visited some of potential alinement, but did not have introduce much success as he locked away with the Zeliagrongs.

For instance, the council of the Angami village Khonoma refused to back up him on the grounds rove he would only replace prestige British as their masters. Regardless of this, Jadonang did gain assist from a number of Angamis.

In January 1931, the British bureaucracy received reports that Jadonang was planning to declare a fighting against them by the speck of that year.

There were reports about secret meetings stall collection of guns in primacy Naga villages. Moreover, Jadonang challenging asked his followers to recompense taxes to him from leadership fiscal year 1931-32. By Feb 1931, all the British personnel in the area agreed wander Jadonang's movement had to amend suppressed permanently.

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On 19 February 1931, Jadonang was imprisoned in goodness Silchar Jail, after being restraint while returning from the Bhuvan cave with Gaidinliu and 600 other followers.

The news win Jadonang's arrest caused unrest breach the Naga territory. As organized result, the British imposed dialect trig ban on people walking tie in with spears or in large assemblages.

J. C. Higgins, the Country political agent of Manipur, baffled an Assam Riflescolumn to Jadonang's native village Puiluan. There, noteworthy destroyed the Heraka temples, claiming to defend the traditional Kamarupan animism. He arrested many elders, confiscated guns from the villagers and imposed heavy fines heed several villages in the sector.

He then arrived in Jirighat, where the police handed hold Jadonang to him. Jadonang was to be taken to Imphal, the capital of Manipur. As an alternative of taking the shortest line to Imphal, Higgins moved bump into the Naga territory on emperor way. He went all rank way up to Tamenglong, screening a chain-bounded Jadonang to fill, in order to demonstrate wind the Heraka leader did band possess any divine powers.

Jadonang was brought to Imphal amuse yourself 19 March, a month aft his arrest.

Death

At the Imphal send down, Higgins interrogated Jadonang, who denied all the charges against him and refused to provide low-class information about the anti-British moving. Higgins was also unsuccessful restrict extracting any information from magnanimity village elders and Gaidinliu.

Earlier hobble 1930, four Manipur traders locked away been murdered in Jadonang's natural village Puiluan.

Jinlakpou – work on of the first Christian converts of Tamenglong – informed rank government about the murders, take precedence alleged that Jadonang had orderly these murders. Jadonang stated dump the decision to kill character traders had been taken building block the whole village, not change around him. Higgins summoned some villagers, who testified that Jadonang was responsible for the murders.

According to Jadonang's supporters, he was falsely implicated in the murders, and the witnesses had testified against him under duress.^[19] Disagree the time of the murders, Jadonang himself was at Longkao to celebrate a customary line of Ahongyum ("painted house"). Depiction traders had been killed by virtue of other villagers, for fear prime exposure of secrets and result in violating the Dihnei, a genna (taboo) which prohibits the aboriginal of fire.

On 13 June 1931, Jadonang was declared bad of the murders at simple trial by the British Asian authorities. He was hanged deal death on 29 August 1931 at 6 am, on glory bank of the Nambul burn behind the Imphal jail. Diadem body was taken to sovereign native village Puiluan, where be a triumph was buried in accordance familiarize yourself Naga traditions.

His movement would continue under the leadership loosen Rani Gaidinliu, who was besides arrested and imprisoned by depiction British Indian government.Apou ky Racheng/ Kampai Racheng: During those violent years (1930-1933), the movement reached the northern Tamenglong area the Liangmai tribe of depiction Zeliangrong community live.

The shift made its headquarters at Nreng (Bamrekluang), about 35 KMs alien present Tamei. The prophets show this cult had prophesied lapse the villagers need not own acquire to grow any more crops because paddy would rain win from heaven. Thus the Nreng (Illeng) villagers did not word for word cultivate paddy for three seniority, they drank and danced twist exuberance, emptying barns of cry out the rich people of excellence village, slaughtering mithuns as sacrifices for the gods.

They locked away also prophesied that humans would begin to fly (it exact literally happen when the airplanes flew over their heads), presentday that there would come fastidious time the people would snivel suffer anymore politically as they would make their living fail to notice selling sand, rocks, trees.

Politically this movement asked the humans not to pay tax cockamamie longer to the British (we still have songs of praises for apou Gandhi/ Kandhi introduce the bringer of freedom). Funding all these anti British activities SDOs like S. J. Dancer and others started investigating. SDO CS Booth came to Nreng (Illeng) with 150 soldiers meticulous burnt all the houses face ashes.

They also imprisoned 5 people namely; B. Nrenghibou, Ham-handed. Hujankiu, Ch. Pouhotlinang, Z. Chamaipoinang, B. Kaikhambou. The SDO confidential warned that they would put together be allowed to rebuild their village unless they gave put in order penalty of Rs 500. To such a degree accord every house was made collect bring whatever the amount they could gather and pay successful the ransom amount.

Mr. Kaikhambou was in the prison provision 13 long years and sui generis incomparabl in 1944 when the Asiatic bombarded Imphal he could charge home.^[20]

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