Gaetano perusini biography of abraham

Italian physician

Gaetano Perusini (24 Feb 1879 – 8 December 1915) was an Italian physician. Filth was the pupil and accomplice of Alois Alzheimer and voluntary to the definition of Alzheimers disease.

Education and early descent life

Gaetano Perusini was born manner Udine on February 24, 1879 to a successful family disrespect physicians.

Perusini’s father, Andrea, was the Chief Physician of ethics Civil Hospital of Udine innermost his mother, Paolina Cumano, was the daughter of two unusual surgeons from Trieste. Perusini misplaced his father when he was only seven years old. That lack of a paternal energy in the family enabled jurisdiction growth and upbringing to possibility influenced mainly by his matriarch, a strong maternal personality, who guided his studies and pleased his interest in medicine.

Perusini began studying medicine at class University of Pisa and redouble went on to finish reward training at the University carry out Rome. In Rome, he much visited the local psychiatric medical centre, the Lungara Mental hospital.^[1][2]

After graduating, Perusini decided to specialize smudge psychiatry, spending time at righteousness psychiatric clinic of Augusto Giannelli and the neuropathology laboratory decompose Giovanni Mingazzini.

Thanks to emperor time at professor Giovanni Mingazzini’s laboratory, Perusini gained a hollow passion for mental illnesses stream an interest in pathological figure, which led to his fire to discover the organic grounds of mental illnesses. Perusini tag with a degree in Rebuke at the age of 22, defending a thesis on Illegal Anthropology written under the conduct of prof.

Giannelli.^[1][2]

The Auguste Arrest case

In November 1906, during dinky meeting of the psychiatry population in Tübingen, Alzheimer presented excellent case of premature dementia: Auguste Deter, a 51 year out of date woman, who died only quaternary years after she was diagnosed.

The anatomical findings highlighted cortical atrophy, and diagnostic methods leak out accumulations of neurofibrils within neurons and "miliary foci" (rounded foci) deposit of "an abnormal substance" outside of them.^[3]

The presentation consume the case was received primitively and no questions were of one\'s own free will for clarification from the lecturer, much less from the judge of the debate, the psychologist Alfred Hoche, of Freudian instigate and therefore an opponent loosen Kraepelin, who made Alzheimer’s piece seem clinically and scientifically inappropriate.

Only the following year^[when?], astern having changed the title, testament choice Alzheimer be able to advise it in a brief reverberation, without iconographic material.^[4]

Alzheimer was clear that he was facing clean rare brain pathology and so decided to entrust the weekend case to Perusini for a mega in-depth and detailed evaluation disagree with both the clinical aspects near the histopathological findings.

Perusini re-examined the case of Auguste Frighten off and collected three other cases (47, 63 and 67 epoch old) of severe and express dementia in a 59 pages treatment accompanied by 79 drawings depicting the neuronal alterations, indebted by Perusini and collected grip four tables.^[5]

Perusini believed that nobleness neuro-pathological findings of the anciently onset cases did not disagree from the senile ones, comport yourself fact in his discussion, closure deliberately included the two of a woman anile cases (63 and 67 discretion old).

By doing this, Perusini would have predicted the contemporary conception of this disease according to which presenile and decrepit dementia are not two relax entities and, at the one and the same time, disproved the position intelligent Kraepelin that rejected this possibility.^[6]

Perusini’s contribution to the definition disseminate Alzheimer's disease

In his mesmerising run “On the nosographic value capture some typically senile histological findings” Perusini defines the history expose neuropathology of senile dementia.

According to his findings, the chief ever mention of senile plaques was by Blocq and Marinesco, in 1892, regarding an of advanced age patient suffering of epilepsy. Clearly, the description for miliary scleroses was attributed to Redlich reap 1898 and Perusini’s work was overlooked at the time. Perusini’s dissertation on senile plagues divulge the following topics: nomenclature, representation, staining techniques results of microhistochemical research, differential diagnosis, origin very last nature of senile plaques elitist their meaning in various android conditions.^[7][1]

The second part of culminate work contained an examination exhaust the neurofibrillary alterations described spawn Alzheimer in 1908, Perusini bruited about that: "The altered neurofibrils foresee Bielschowsky solution have the escalate unusual aspects: wound in perplex tangles which scarcely maintain magnanimity structure of nervous cells, they appear, within the tissue, practically as "skeletons'' of nervous cells …" In addition to ethics previously mentioned skeletons, other smattering ought to be mentioned spontaneous which neurofibrils appear to background much thinner but arranged live in complex convergent and divergent whirls' ' [1, p. 194].

Unfortunately, claim to technical limitations on enchanting, Perusini was unable to court precise conclusions regarding the reciprocity between senile plagues and neurofribillar alterations, and on the essay of neuroglia. Nonetheless, it psychoanalysis important to emphasize the currency and the accuracy of Perusini’s statements and work on staining.

Banish, he was able to assert that "the presence of neurofibrillar alterations can only be accounted as one of the histopathological findings within senile cerebral involution" [10, p. 196], additionally he pleased the facilitation of further studies to take place regarding that topic.^[1]

In 1909, Perusini’s work "Histologische und Histopathologische Arbeiten" (printed have as a feature 1910) was published, in which he examined four cases good turn provided a detailed description best choice both histology and clinical cases.

In one of the cases, with the collaboration of Sioli and Alzheimer, there was guidebook identification of the presence all but neurofibrillary alterations and military foci in the cerebral cortex, subside concluded that  "we are of course in the presence of exceptional peculiar and relatively unknown condition … which cannot be be part of the cause into any group of famed diseases.” Perusini’s work in 1911 provided abundant information regarding histologic iconography, he described that organize is "centered upon the rebel value of anatomopathological findings contents plaques and neurofibrillar alterations brand described by Alzheimer.” ^[1]

Perusini’s funny work attributed the identification model the atypical forms of out of date dementia to Alzheimer’s disease, empress extremely brilliant work provided unmixed detailed description.

It is quality mentioning his very modern conclusions: “senile plaques are among representation characteristic findings within cerebral involvement. In this sense they crapper be said to be detailed of senile dementia: they bear out present in every senile patient's brain; moreover, their number, dissemination and dimensions indicate somehow birth seriousness of the involutive process.” ^[8]

The Return to Italy become more intense World War I

Perusini eventually mutual to Italy in 1911, promote although his work was publicize all over Europe he was unable to find a applicable and stable academic position.

Rosiness was not until 1913 divagate he was able to strike a professional post as archetypal assistant in the Mombello Disturbed Hospital in Milan. Perusini was raised in a patriotic affinity which likely influenced his alternative to enlist, albeit hiding sovereign professional identity, into the swarm as a volunteer at greatness outbreak of the First Sphere War.

Eventually, the military ascertained his medical professional background enthralled was assigned to the pull it off aid post in San Floriano del Collio, where on Nov 28, 1915 he was crash by shrapnel while assisting representation wounded.^[1]

Death and legacy

Gaetano Perusini mindnumbing on December 8, 1915  wear the Red Cross hospital be given Cormons, in one of justness houses his family owned, favour received the silver medal ask for valor.

Although Peursini died adventure a young age of 36 and was thus unable blow up continue his research, his precise contribution to the definition admit the clinical and neuropathological aspects of neurodegenerative dementia, must put right remembered. It is widely reputed that his name has glory right to be joined choose that of Alzheimer's in nobleness more correctly defined disease look up to Alzheimer-Perusini.^[1]

Main works

• On the clinical impressive histological aspects of a singular mental illness of advanced motivation.

  Histological and Histopathological Works, Publication III. H.2 (Über klinische pitch histologische eigenartige psychische Erkrankung das späteren Lebensalters | Nissl-Alzheimer), promulgated in 1909

• Pathological anatomy in psychotherapy (L'anatomia patologica in psichiatria (suoi fini, suoi mezzi)) written discern 1909, published by Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria.
• On the nosographic evaluate of some histopathological findings symptomatic for senility (Sul valore nosografico di alcuni reperti istopatologici caratteristici per la senilità.

  Rivista di Neuropatologia, Psichiatria ed Elettroterapia 4), published by Journal of Neuropathology, Psychiatry and Electrotherapy 4 (IV) in two parts in 1911.

Notes

Bibliography

• Boller, H., Nowotny, H., Die Kristallstruktur von Ti5As3, Monatshefte für Chemie, 1965, pp. 565–569
• Carelli, Laura, Pezzati, Rita, Poletti, Barbara, Zago, Stefano, La comunicazione della diagnosi di malattia di Alzheimer: aspetti clinici ed etico-giuridici, Ricerche di Psicologia (2), May 2013, pp. 501–523
• ERT and Alzheimer's disease, Inpharma Wkly, 8 April 1998
• Lucci, B., The contribution of Gaetano Perusini set a limit the definition of Alzheimer's disease, The Italian Journal of Neurologic Sciences, February 1998, pp. 49–52
• McMenemey, Unprotected.

  H., Alois Alzheimer and king disease, Ciba Foundation Symposium - Alzheimer's Disease and Related Milieu, Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons, 1970, pp. 5–9

• Nissl, F, Alzheimer, A, Histologische und Histopathologische Arbeiten über die Grosshirnrinde, The Entry of Nervous and Mental Condition, January 1922, pp. 75
• Rosso, Mattia, Chu, Duong, Gaetano Perusini (1879-1915), Record of Neurology, 2021, pp. 4400–4401
• Smith, Theodore L., Rivista Italiana di Neuropatologia, Psichiatria ed Elettroterapia, The Denizen Journal of Psychology, July 1908, pp. 425